8.20 land of the rising sum Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade (age 15). 日本初中包含了3年，从7年级（13岁）到9年级（15岁）。 Virtually all pupils at this stage attend state schools: only 3 per cent are in the private sector. Schools are usually modern in design, set well back from the road and spacious inside. 事实上，所有的孩子在这个阶段都是上的公立学校，只有3%是在私立的学校。学校在设计上是现代化的，离马路有一段的距离并且内部十分宽敞。 virtually adv.事实上，几乎；实质上 set sth back (from sth) [常用被动态]使（建筑物等）与…拉开距离 The house is set well back from the road. Classrooms are large and pupils sit at single desks in rows. 教室很大，学生们一排排的坐在单人课桌上。 Lessons last for a standardized 50 minutes and are always followed by a 10-minute break, which gives the pupils a chance to let off steam. 课程持续标准的50min，接下来就是休息10min，这时间给了孩子们释放压力的机会。 let off steam：纾解压力∕发泄怒气/ 放掉蒸气/ 释放/ 发牢骚 Teachers begin with a formal address and mutual bowing, and then concentrate on whole-class teaching.（第一段） 老师上课以正式的问候和互相鞠躬开始，之后注意力就几种在整堂课的教学上了。 1.address a)n.地址，网址 这个含义不用多说，是我们最熟悉的address的用法。 What’s your new address?你的新地址是什么？ b)n.致词，演讲，问候 比如剑8-4-1 Land of the Rising Sum B段中：Teachers begin with a formal address and mutual bowing, and then concentrate on whole-class teaching.这句话中的address就理解为“问候”，此句翻译为：老师上课以正式的问候和互相鞠躬开始，之后注意力就几种在整堂课的教学上了。 c)v.解决，处理 这个词意小伙伴们一定要注意！是雅思非常喜欢考到的一个点。曾在剑7-1-2 Making Every Drop Count的List of headings题型中出现：Viii Addressing the concern over increasing populations这个小标题可是难倒了不少同学，用“地址”肯定是翻译不出来，此处address为动词，与solve相似，翻译为“处理关于增长的人口的担忧”。 Classes are large – usually about 40 – and are unstreamed. 班级是大的–通常大约40人–并且不按智力分班。 Pupils stay in the same class for all lessons throughout the school and develop considerable class identity and loyalty. 整个学校的孩子呆在同一个教室上所有的课程，以及培养出相当的班级认同和忠诚。 Pupils attend the school in their own neighbourhood, which in theory removes ranking by school. remove移除，除去，删除，解除 学生在他们自己的社区上学，这从理论上消除了学校之间的排名。 In practice in Tokyo, because of the relative concentration of schools, there is some competition to get into the ‘better’ school in a particular area. 在东京实际来说，由于学校相对的集合，在特定区域，通过一些竞争才能进入“更好”的学校。
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