数组和函数不能用做参数和返回值,但数组指针和函数指针可以。
1 数组指针做函数参数
数组指针做函数参数,数组名用做实参时,其形参为指向数组首素的指针(指针目标类型为数组素)。
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define ROWS 3 #define COLS 2 void fun1(int (*)[COLS], int); int main() { int array_2D[ROWS][COLS] = { {1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6} }; int rows = ROWS; /* works here because array_2d is still in scope and still an array */ printf("MAIN: %zu\n",sizeof(array_2D)/sizeof(array_2D[0])); fun1(array_2D, rows); getchar(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } void fun1(int (*a)[COLS], int rows) { int i, j; int n, m; n = rows; /* Works, because that information is passed (as "COLS"). It is also redundant because that value is known at compile time (in "COLS"). */ m = (int) (sizeof(a[0])/sizeof(a[0][0])); /* Does not work here because the "decay" in "pointer decay" is meant literally--information is lost. */ printf("FUN1: %zu\n",sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0])); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < m; j++) { printf("array[%d][%d]=%d\n", i, j, a[i][j]); } } }
2 数组指针做函数返回值
数组指针做函数返回值时,数组指针是指指针目标类型为数组素的指针。
#include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h> char(*weekday())[5] { char(*wee)[5] = (char(*)[5])malloc(sizeof(char)*5*7); char* str[] = {"Mon.","Tue","Wed.","Thu.","Fri.","Sat.","Sun."}; for(int i=0;i<7;i++) for(int j=0;j<5;j++) wee[i][j] = str[i][j]; return wee; } int main() { char(*week)[5] = weekday(); for(int i=0;i<7;i++) printf("%s\n",week[i]); free(week); setbuf(stdin,NULL); getchar(); }
3 函数指针做函数参数
函数指针做函数参数,可以封装函数体中因因应不同需求而需“变化”的代码,避免“硬”编程,让代码更加通用和泛化。
#include <stdio.h> void sort(int arr[],int size,bool(*comp)(int,int)) { for(int i=0;i<size-1;i++) for(int j=0;j<size-i-1;j++) if(comp(arr[j],arr[j+1])) { int t = arr[j+1]; arr[j+1] = arr[j]; arr[j]=t; } } bool Comp(int a,int b) { return a<b; } int main(void) { int arr[]={2,1,4,5,3,9,6,8,7}; int n = sizeof arr / sizeof *arr; sort(arr,n,Comp); for(int i=0;i<n;i++) printf("%d ",arr[i]); getchar(); return 0; }
4 函数指针做函数返回值
用函数返回函数指针,可以让同类函数具有相同的接口。
#include <stdio.h> enum Op { ADD = '+', SUB = '-', }; int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } int sub(int a, int b) { return a - b; } /* getmath: return the appropriate math function */ int (*getmath(enum Op op))(int,int) { switch (op) { case ADD: return &add; case SUB: return ⊂ default: return NULL; } } int main(void) { int a, b, c; int (*fp)(int,int); fp = getmath(ADD); a = 1, b = 2; c = (*fp)(a, b); printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, c); getchar(); return 0; }
-End-
2024最新激活全家桶教程,稳定运行到2099年,请移步至置顶文章:https://sigusoft.com/99576.html
版权声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献,该文观点仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务,不拥有所有权,不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌侵权/违法违规的内容, 请联系我们举报,一经查实,本站将立刻删除。 文章由激活谷谷主-小谷整理,转载请注明出处:https://sigusoft.com/16433.html