雅思词汇大纲10000词，赶紧收藏！ 雅思听力场景词汇 国家，城市名称，地名，专有机构名称，专有名词： UK= the United Kingdom 英国Scotland 苏格兰Ireland 爱尔兰Wales 威尔士Australia 澳大利亚Queensland 昆士兰Sydney 悉尼New Zealand 新西兰 Wellington 惠灵顿Auckland 奥克兰Christchurch 基督城Canada 加拿大Vancouver 温哥华Ottawa 渥太华Toronto 多伦多USA= the United States of America 美国Washington 华盛顿New York 纽约Seattle 西雅图Los Angeles 洛杉矶Chicago 芝加哥Alaska 阿拉斯加Hawaii 夏威夷Mexico墨西哥Brazil 巴西USSR =the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic 前苏联South Africa 南非Malaysia 马来西亚Indonesia 印度尼西亚Switzerland瑞士Sweden 瑞典Italy 意大利France 法国Germany 德国Holland 荷兰Spain 西班牙Madrid 马德里Antarctica 南极洲Pacific Ocean 太平洋Atlantic Ocean 大西洋Arctic Ocean 北冰洋Indian Ocean印度洋South Hemisphere南半球North Hemisphere 北半球Equator 赤道North Pole 北极圈City Council 市政府The Red Cross Society 红十字会The World Health Organization (WHO) 世卫组织 租房 Location 位置Surrounding 周边环境Outskirts 郊区Suburb郊区City center 市中心Downtown area市中心Real-estate agency/agent 房产代理中介Landlord 房东Landlady 女房东House 别墅Flat/apartment 公寓Bungalow 〈英〉平房Fence 篱笆Driveway 车道Garage 车库 Corridor 走廊Lobby 门厅 前厅Foyer 门厅 Living room /Lounge 起居室 客厅Balcony阳台Bedroom 卧室Kitchen 厨房Bathroom 浴室Laundry room 洗衣房Basement 地下室Attic 阁楼Furnished/unfurnished 装修过的/未装修的Air-conditioner 空调Central heating 中央供暖Radiator 暖气片Washing machine 洗衣机Fridge 冰箱Vacuum cleaner 吸尘器Micro-wave oven 微波炉Dryer 干衣机Satellite/cable TV 卫星/有线电视Stereo system 立体声音响Wardrobe-Mirror 衣柜 （镜子）Cupboard 橱柜Cabinet- drawer 衣柜 抽屉Mattress 床垫King / Queen-size bed 特大号/大号床Pillow 枕头Blanket 毯子Carpet 地毯Alarm clock 闹钟Kettle电水壶Curtain 窗帘Shutter 百叶窗Shower 淋浴Soap 肥皂Shampoo 香波Towel 浴巾 学习 学校体制Nursery 托儿所Kindergarten 幼儿园Day-care Center 日托中心Primary school 小学Secondary school中学Parental teaching 父母教育College大学Vocational college 职业大学University 综合性大学Open University 夜大 Private / public school 私立/公立学校Technical school 技术学校Institute 研究院School/division 分院/系Faculty 系/全体教职员工Department 系Major/major strand 主修 新生入学Opening ceremony 开学典礼Register 注册Registry注册处Letter of recommendation 推荐信Placement/Diagnostic test 分班测试College /Campus Tour 大学校园游Orientation Meeting 大学新生情况说明会Orientation Program 大学新生情况说明项目 校园建筑和教学设施Student Union Office 学生会办公室Library 图书馆Computer / Chemistry/ Language Lab 电脑/化学/语言实验室Canteen/Dining Hall/ Refectory / Café 食堂/餐厅Tennis Courts 网球场Squash Courts 壁球室Gym/ Fitness Center / Keep Fit Studio 健身房 Football Pitch 足球场Main Hall 主厅Lounge 客厅Common Room 公共休息室Lecture Theatre 阅览室Auditorium 礼堂Printer 打印机Photocopier 复印机Laser Printer 激光打印机Laptop 笔记本电脑OHP=Overhead Projector 投影仪Experimental Facilities 实验设备Loose/spiral notebook 活页笔记本Headphones 耳机Audio equipment 听力设备 课程安排Compulsory course 必修课程Selective course 选修课程Lecture 讲课Tutorial 学生辅导课Seminar 研讨会Symposium 专题会Assignment 作业Assessment 评价A+ A plus B- B minus Score 得分Credit points 学分Reading list 阅读清单Presentation 报告Bibliography 书目Abbreviation 缩写Attendance 出勤Attendance rate 出勤率Plagiarism 剽窃 论文撰写Essay 论文Paper论文Thesis 毕业论文Dissertation 专题/学位论文Deadline 最后期限Due time 最后期限Meet the deadline 在最后期限前提交Miss the deadline 未在最后期限前提交Ask for extension 要求延期Reasonable excuse 合理理由Draft 论文草稿Heading 标题Abstract 摘要 Italic 斜体Outline 提纲 Margin 页边空白Research method 研究方式Survey 调查Interview 采访Questionnaire 问卷调查Field research 实地研究Field trip 实地考察Investigation 调查Observation 观察Case study 个案研究Analysis 分析Analyze data 分析数据Respondents 问卷调查的受访人Scholarship 奖学金Fellowship 奖学金（研究式）Grant 助学金 学科设置Arts 文科Science 理科Social science 社会科学Sociology 社会学Genetics 遗传学Microbiology 微生物学Psychology 心理学Psycholinguistics 语言心理学Philosophy 哲学Finance 金融学Law 法学Architecture 建筑学Biochemistry 生物化学Statistics 统计学Zoology 动物学Archaeology 考古学Agriculture 农学Engineering 工程学 教师President 大学校长Principal 中小学校长Dean 系主任Professor 教授Office hour 教授面谈/工作时间Tutor 导师 Support tutor 副导师Welfare tutor 福利咨询导师Lecturer 讲师Coordinator 协调者Course coordinator 课程协调者Teaching assistant=TA 助教Counselor（私人、社会和心理问题的）顾问Advisor 顾问（指导新生入学问题） 课程安排Elementary /Intermediate /advanced course 初级/中级/高级课程Flexible study time 灵活学习时间Internship 实习，实习期Qualification 资格Certificate course 证书课程Diploma course 文凭课程Degree 学位Bachelor’s degree 学士学位Master’s degree 硕士学位Postgraduate school 研究院Undergraduate student 大学本科生Postgraduate student 研究生Semester/ term 学期 图书馆Catalogues 目录分类处Touch-screen information center 触摸屏Closed reserve 闭架书Reference section 参考书区域Circulation desk 借/还书处Information desk 服务台 前台Current issue 现刊Audio-visual resource center 视听中心Newspaper shelves 报架Conference room 会议室Journal 期刊Periodical期刊Magazine 杂志Literature 文学作品Encyclopedia 百科全书Cassette recorder盒式录音机Cassette 盒式录音磁带 旅游 Travel agency /agent 旅行社Helpline service 热线服务电话Budget 预算Package tour 全包旅行 Expedition 远征 探险Sightseeing 观光Coastal cities 海边城市Brochure 小册子Schedule 时间表Agenda 旅行日程Itinerary 旅程 旅游景点 Botanical garden 植物园Theme park 主题公园Castle 城堡Cathedral 大教堂 天主教堂Rainforest 雨林Waterfall 瀑布Organic farm 有机农场Aquarium 水族馆Movie theatre 电影院Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁Coral reef 珊瑚礁Tower of London 伦敦塔Sunrise 日出Sundown 日落 交通工具 Airplane 飞机Ferry 轮渡Hovercraft 气垫船Tube 地铁（英）Subway 地铁（美）Underground地铁Cab 出租车4-wheel-drive 4驱越野车Airport shuttle bus 机场穿梭巴士 Tram 有轨电车Coach –punctual 长途客运汽车——准时的 Minibus 小型公共汽车Express train 特快车 运动项目 Paddling pool 戏水池Camping 野营Bungee jumping 蹦级Hiking 徒步旅行Bush walking 丛林漫步Rock climbing 攀岩Whale watching 观鲸游Scuba diving 戴水肺潜水（深潜）Snorkeling 浮潜Diving gear 潜水用具Jogging 慢跑Paragliding 滑翔Skiing 滑雪Golf 高尔夫Swimming pool 游泳池Olympic-size swimming pool 奥林匹克尺寸的游泳池Swimming costume 游泳衣Sun block 防晒乳Sun cream/lotion 防晒霜/液Sun glasses 太阳镜Trousers 裤子Backpacker 背包徒步旅行Walking/hiking boots 远足靴Jeans 牛仔服Socks 短袜Sneakers 运动鞋Torch 电筒Compass 指南针Stopwatch 秒表Film 电影胶片Dark room facilities 暗室设备Souvenir 纪念品First-aid kit/post 急救箱 娱乐活动 Art & Music Festival 艺术/音乐节Carnival 嘉年华Acrobatic show 杂技Circus 马戏Puppet show 木偶戏Concert Hall 音乐厅Art gallery 艺术画廊Museum 博物馆 看病 Surgeon 外科医生Dentist 牙医Epidemic disease 流行病Plague 瘟疫Chronic 慢性的Acute 急性的Symptom 症状Blood pressure 血压Catch a cold 感冒Yellow fever 黄热病Flu 流感Tropical disease 热带病症Optic examine 眼科检查Allergy 过敏Allergic过敏的Malaria 疟疾Asthma 哮喘Back pain 背痛Headache 头痛Insomnia 失眠症 Sleep disorder 睡眠失调Internal clock 生物钟Immune system 免疫系统Bacteria 细菌X-ray department 照X光处Antibiotics 抗生素Diagnosis 诊断Vitamin 维生素Sick-note 病假单Balanced diet 平衡的饮食 求职 Vacant position 空缺职位Job applicant 工作申请者Candidate 求职者Full-time/part-time job 全职/兼职工作Day shift 日班Shift work 倒班Challenging job 具有挑战的工作CV=resume 简历Arm badge/ name badge 臂章Job interview 工作面试Starting salary 起薪Pension 养老金Duration 期间Career plan 职业生涯Work irregular hours 工作时间不规律Sense of achievement 成就感Select at random 随机选择 动物 Wildlife 野生动物Species 物种 Mammal 哺乳动物Camel 骆驼Penguin 企鹅Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Blue Whale蓝鲸Koala 考拉 Kangaroo 袋鼠Polar bear 北极熊Dolphin 海豚Reptile 爬行动物Lizard 蜥蜴Dinosaur 恐龙Crocodile 鳄鱼Shellfish 贝壳类动物Jellyfish 水母Kelp=seaweed 海草Ostrich 鸵鸟Emu 澳洲鸵鸟Falcon 隼 Kaka 橄榄色鹦鹉Pigeon 鸽子Insects 昆虫Wasp 黄蜂Butterfly 蝴蝶Dragonfly 蜻蜓Pests 害虫Feather 羽毛Leather 皮革Hide 皮毛Scale 鳞片Fins 鳍Horn 角Beak 喙Blood sample 血样Animal extinction 物种灭绝Fur trade 皮毛交易Flourishment 繁荣Leg identification 腿上（身份识别环）Migration pattern 迁徙规律 地质 Geology 地质 Geological 地质的Geologically 地质地Crust 地壳Core 地核Fossil fuel 化石燃料Mineral 矿物质Coal deposit 煤的贮存量Iron ore 铁矿Cast iron 铸铁Crystal 水晶Diamond 钻石Ruby 红宝石Active volcano 活火山Extinct volcano 死火山Volcanic ash/dust 火山灰Eruption 喷发Lava 熔岩Earthquake 地震Avalanche 雪崩Hurricane 飓风Tsunami 海啸 环境 Ecosystem 生态系统Ecology 生态Balance of nature 自然平衡Preservation （生态）保护Food chain 食物链Acid rain 酸雨Smog 烟雾Rainfall distribution 降雨量分布Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Emission 排放Greenhouse effect 温室效应Global warming 全球变暖Evaporation 蒸发Forestation 植树造林 Deforestation 砍伐森林Holes in the ozone layer 臭氧层空洞Pollution index 污染指数Pollutant 污染物Pollution 污染 Contamination 污染Toxic 有毒的Waste disposal 废物处理Renewable energy 可再生能源Solar energy 太阳能 Wind energy 风能Geothermal energy 地热能Nuclear energy 核能Tidal energy 潮汐能Non-renewable energy 不可再生能源Coal 煤Petroleum 石油Gasoline 汽油Diesel 柴油Drainage 废水Sewage污水；污物 农牧业 Soil 土壤Fertile soil/land 肥沃的土壤Thin/barren soil /land 贫瘠的土壤Cattle 牲口Dryness 干Aridity 干旱Drought 旱灾Irrigation 灌溉Soil erosion土壤侵蚀Cultivation 养殖 耕作Plantation种植场，大农场，庄园Cotton 棉花Wool 羊毛Flax 亚麻Nature fiber 天然纤维Organic fiber 有机纤维Insects 昆虫Pests 害虫Life cycle 生命周期Herring 鲱鱼Wetland 湿地Marsh 沼泽Soil conditioner土壤结构改良剂Fertilizer 化肥Timber 木柴Cereal 谷物Ginger 姜Pumpkin 南瓜Pea 豌豆Lettuce 莴苣Cherry 樱桃 天文 Galaxy 银河系Venus 金星Jupiter 木星Planet 行星Telescope 望远镜 人物 Cousin 堂兄弟 Brother-in-law 内弟 小叔Scar in one’s chin 下巴上有疤Curly black hair 黑色卷发Blond hair 金发Personality: funny, intelligent 个性 有趣，聪明 雅思口语场景词汇 工作学习 （一）教育背景1．各类学校nursery 托儿所kindergarten 幼儿园primary school 小学junior high school 初中senior high school 高中junior college 大专university 大学graduate school 研究生院academy of arts 美术学院correspondence college 函授学院in-service training course 在职进修学院secondary specialized school 中专medical college 医学院normal university 师范大学2．专业学科accounting 会计学advanced mathematics高等数学biology 生物学business management 企业管理chemistry 化学computer network计算机网络drama 戏剧geography 地理history 历史international finance/trade 国际金融/贸易multi-media technique 多媒体技术psychology 心理学physics 物理sociology社会学 3.语言学习经历popular 受欢迎的global language 全球通用的语言efficient tool for communication 有效的交流工具understand different people and cultures了解不同的人和文化understand the latest development in science and technology 了解最新的科技进展go to study in a foreign country 到国外学习limited vocabulary 有限的词汇量difficult to memorize new words 很难记住生词be not good at grammar 语法掌握的不是很好talk frequently and comfortably 顺畅自然的表达dare not open mouth and speak 不敢开口去说can’t follow the speed of English native speaker 跟不上英语国家的人的说话速度be not familiar with the accent 不熟悉口音English Language Teaching Program 英语教学节目training center 培训中心oral class 口语课role-play 角色扮演group work 小组活动active teacher 活跃的老师listening class 听力课summer camp 夏令营total immersion 全封闭式listen to English radio programme 收听英语广播节目read English books and magazines 阅读英语书籍和杂志private tutor 家教English corner/club 英语角/英语俱乐部watch English movie 看英文电影 4．校园生活与学习freshman 大学一年级sophomore 大学二年级junior 大学三年级senior 大学四年级undergraduate 本科生postgraduate 研究生Bachelor of Arts 文学学士Bachelor of Science 理学学士Master’s degree 硕士学位Doctor’s degree 博士学位university life 大学生活dormitory 宿舍main subject 主修科required course 必修课optional course 选修课major in…主修…专业credit 学分 5.留学计划broaden one’s horizons 开阔视眼study and live abroad 在国外学习和生活further one’s study 进修get a…degree 拿到啊… 学位lead a different life 过一种不同的生活enrich one’s experience 增加阅历experience a new culture 体验一种新文化learn to be independent 学会独立speak a foreign language fluently 流利说一门外语scholarship奖学金cooperative education 合作教育tuition 学费financial burden 经济负担adjust to 调节适应language barrier 语言障碍grasp an opportunity 抓住机会international education background 国际教育背景settle down 定居 (二)工作经历职业名称job / career / occupation /profession/ work 工作editor 编辑cashier 收银员taxi-driver 出租车司机cook 厨师chef 大厨director 导演tour guide 导游electrician 电工bartender 酒吧招待temporary job 临时工作judge 法官white-collar 白领的executive 管理人员marketing / human resources / accounting manager 行销经理/人力资源经理/会计translator 翻译interpreter 口译员private enterprise 私人企业engineer 工程师civil servant 公务员nurse 护士accountant 会计师mechanic 机械师journalist 记者architect 建筑师hair-dresser 理发师lawyer 律师secretary 秘书model 模特salesman / saleswoman 销售人员designer 设计师dentist 牙医bank clerk 银行职员freelancer 自由职业者writer 作家dancer 舞蹈演员athlete 运动员boss 老板工作经历lay off 解雇,下岗job-hopping 跳槽colleague 同事promising 有前途的demanding 要求高的follow regular office hours 遵循正常办公时间work overtime 加班be satisfied with 对…感到满意current occupation 现在的职业joint venture 合资企业wholly-owned 全资的client / costumer 客户/顾客competitor 竞争者strategically 有策略地responsibility 职责pay 报酬salary 薪水well-paid 待遇好的in charge of 负责manual work 体力劳动appoint 任命 购物消费 a sale销售a shopper购物者a receipt收据，发票a cashier 收银员，出纳a price tag价格标签total price总价regular price定价sale price促销价promotion促销cash现金debit card借记卡credit card信用卡password 密码a shopping centre购物中心department store百货商店boutique小店convenient store便利店grocery store杂货店hardware store五金店snack bar小吃店cafeteria自助餐厅cosmetics化妆品household electrical appliance家用电器furniture家具daily necessity日用品traditional handicraft传统工艺品bargain讨价还价，便宜货window-shopping逛商店 online-shopping网上购物big sale大甩卖promotional campaign促销活动gift礼物clothes衣服shoes鞋子hat帽子jewellery 珠宝souvenir纪念品household items家居用品office items办公用品clock钟表watch手表wallet钱包sweater毛衣gold ring金戒指necklace项链iron电熨斗camera照相机fabrics布cotton棉花wool羊毛velvet天鹅绒silk丝绸leather皮革nylon尼龙dress连衣裙shirt男衬衫jeans牛仔裤trousers裤子blouse女衬衫skirt短裙jacket夹克coat外套uniform制服suit套装casual clothes休闲服饰tie领带shawl披肩scarf围巾socks短袜stockings长袜slippers拖鞋sneakers球鞋商品型号与价值model款式patterns样式，图案size尺码small小码的medium中码的average均码的large大号的extra large加大的advantages优点disadvantages缺点must buys必购物品maybe buys可购物品never buys非购物品designers设计者masterpiece杰作realistic实际的effective有效的practical value实用价值solid结识的smooth平滑的soft柔软的transparent透明的versatile functions多种功能labor-saving省力的fashionable时髦的old-fashioned 过时的well-fitting合身的luxurious 奢侈的taste品位temperament 气质confidence信心social status 社会地位feature特色characteristic 特征trend 潮流，趋势conservative 保守的sleeveless无袖的in fashion 正在流行的striped 条纹的spotted 有斑点的checked 有格子的well－dressed穿着讲究的decent得体的elegant 雅致的unique独特的loose宽松的casual休闲的embroidered 刺绣的10％ off 打九折on sale 减价for sale待售out of stock 断货try on 试穿 环境保护 动物保护⑴家禽，家畜和宠物pet 宠物goldfish 金鱼pig 猪cat 猫dog 狗kitten 小猫buffalo 水牛bull 公牛cow 母牛calf 小牛 ass 驴goat 山羊sheep 绵羊lamp 羊羔horse 马pony 小马mule 骡rabbit 兔子mouse 老鼠（2）野生动物wildlife 野生动植物dolphin 海豚crocodile 鳄鱼elephant 大象wild cat 野猫wolf 狼zebra 斑马yak 牦牛leopard 豹子giraffe 长颈鹿deer 鹿reindeer 驯鹿kangaroo 袋鼠’koala 考拉camel 骆驼seal 海豹beaver 海狸,河狸hippopotamus 河马chimpanzee 黑猩猩monkey 猴子golden monkey 金丝猴fox 狐狸rat 大鼠mole 鼹鼠guinea pig 豚鼠squirrel 松鼠tiger 老虎Siberian tiger 东北虎sea turtle 海龟whale 鲸hare 野兔hedgehog 刺猬eagle 鹰panda 熊猫bamboo 竹子adorable 可爱的carnivorous 食肉的cute 可爱的,聪明伶俐的fierce 凶猛的elegant 优雅的cunning 狡猾的zoo 动物园wildlife park 野生动物园(3) 保护野生动物preserve wildlife 保护野生动物endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种rare animal 稀有动物doom to extinction 注定灭绝breeding 饲养,培植 feeding time 喂养时间food chain 食物链better condition 更好的条件humane condition 人造条件be harmed by… 为…所伤害thrive 茁壮成长,繁荣hunting 狩猎prey 猎物diversity 多样性declining 衰退的,减少的contributing factor 起作用的因素destruction 破坏take measures 采取措施severity 严重enforce 执行conservation law 保护法lack resources and manpower 缺乏资源和人力trained staff 受过训练的职员catch 捕捉sustainable development 可持续发展的animal kingdom 动物王国conservation area 保护区nature reserve 自然保护区protect 保护 (二) 自然环境river 河流River Thames 泰晤士河Hudson River 哈得孙河boundary river 界河Yangtze River 长江Yellow River 黄河river basin 河域riverboat 内河船riverside 河岸river wall 河堤torrent river 急流河川upper river 上游lake 湖Great Lakes 北美洲五大湖the Lakes 英格兰北部的湖泊区West Lake 西湖salt lake 盐湖seasonal lake 季节性湖泊inland saltwater lake 内陆盐水湖sea 海洋North Sea 北海Caspian Sea 里海Yellow Sea 黄海marine insurance 海运保险by sea 乘船at sea 在海上sail on the sea 在海上航行sea route 海上交通线command of the sea 制海权swim in the sea 在海里游泳sea bathing 海水浴flood 洪水dam 水坝hydrologic 水文的seabed 海床rushing waters 汹涌的流水sewage 污水dump 倾倒desert 沙漠mountain 山,山脉gorge 峡谷breathtaking 惊险的sharp rocks 陡峭的岩石formation 形成,组成be considered as …. 被认为是…soothing 抚慰性的intoxicating 令人陶醉的 (三) 天气(1) 描述天气climate 气候weather 天气freezing 严寒的humid 潮湿的spring breeze 春风snowy 下雪的rainy 下雨的overcast 阴天的cloudy 多云的sunny 阳光充足的hot 热的dry 干燥的fresh air 新鲜的空气below zero 零下gloomy 天气阴的warm 暖的cold 冷的cool 凉快的pleasant/agreeable climate 宜人的气候mild weather 温和的天气continental climate 大陆性气候plateau climate 高原性气候maritime climate 海洋性气候(2) 恶劣天气severe weather 恶劣天气high temperature 高温hail 冰雹sleet 冻雨fog 雾smog 烟雾frost 霜heavy rain 大雨downpour 倾盆大雨lightning 闪电thunderstorm 雷暴strong wind 大风whirlwind 旋风tornado 龙卷风hurricane 飓风typhoon 台风EI NINO “厄尔尼诺”现象global warming 全球性气温升高greenhouse effect 温室效应ozone layer 臭氧层chemical 化学物质nitrogen 氮carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sulphur dioxide 二氧化硫air quality 空气质量 (四) 环境污染(1) 环境问题及原因pollution 污染contaminate 污染densely populated 人口密集的overdevelopment 过度发展commercial interest 商业利益modernization 现代化urbanization 都市化的industrialization 工业化ignorance 无知short-sighted 目光短浅的environmentalist 环保人士environmental deterioration 环境恶化resource 资源energy shortage 能源短缺arable land 适于耕种的土地sandstorm 沙暴over fish 对(渔场,鱼)捞捕过度exhaust 用尽,耗尽coal 煤soil 土壤erosion 腐蚀deforestation 森林砍伐destroyer 破坏者cut down 砍下overgraze 过度放牧die out 灭绝,逐渐消失sound pollution 噪音污染unbearable noise 难以忍受的声音sound the horn 按喇叭play music loudly 大声的放音乐construction 建设high decibel 高分贝air pollution 空气污染dirty air 污浊的空气exhaust 废气carbon monoxide 一氧化碳a thick layer of dust 厚厚的一层尘灰purify the air 净化空气water pollution 水污染drainage 排水pesticide material 有毒物质land subsidence 地陷pesticide 杀虫剂fertilizer 化肥litter (在公共场所)乱扔(废弃物)garbage 垃圾toxic 有毒的fatal disease 致命的疾病(2) 环境保护措施ecology 生态学take stronger and harsher measures 采取更强有力的措施pass regulations 通过立法intensify environmental management 加强环境管理supervision and management of enterprise environment 企业环境监督河管理environmental standard 环境基准achieve high efficiency 取得高效率fine 罚款enforce penalties 实施处罚conservation 保护reconstruct 重建sanitary 卫生的,清洁的healthful 有益健康的preventive 防御的convert 转变的financial incentive 经济鼓励arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection 换起公众的环保意识conscious preserver 自觉得环保者increase energy efficiency 提高能源利用率disaster 灾难restriction 限制plant trees 植树reforestation 重新造林forbid the blowing of car horns 禁止鸣笛forbid construction during the night 机制晚间施工limit the business time of entertainment enterprises 限制娱乐行业的营业时间Air Pollution Control Ordinance <空气污染管制条例>work out better ways to purify the air 找出更好的方法净化空气limit the number of cars running the street 限制路上的汽车数量sewage purification 污水净化sewage treatment 污水处理equipment to purify the waste water 废水净化设备dispose of 处理cost of disposal 处理成本purify waters in rivers and lakes净化河流和湖泊里的水recycle 再循环reuse 再使用incinerate 焚化nonrenewable 不可再生的discard 丢弃illegal dumpling 非法倾倒垃圾develop a modern waste disposal technology 开发现代垃圾处理技术waste management law 垃圾管理条例decomposition 分解,腐烂classify 分类environmentally friendly material 环保材料clean-up 清除disposable packaging and item 一次性的包装和用品 家庭生活 ㈠姓名和含义1) family name/last name姓2) first name/given name名3) middle name 中间名4) full name 全名5) nickname绰号6) pen name 笔名7) stage name译名8) powerful 有力量的9) caring 无微不至的10) frank坦率的11) independent独立的12) industrious勤奋的13) kind 慈祥的14) personality个性15) smart 聪明的16) upright正直的17) character性格18) individuality个性19) hardworking勤劳的20) rational理性的21) faithful忠诚的22) modest谦虚的㈡年龄1) at the age of在…岁的时候2) young 年轻的3) old 年老的4) in one’s twenties在二十多岁时5) get married 结婚6) learn to drive学开车7) retire退休㈢家庭1) nuclear family 核心家庭2) extended family大家庭3) family tree 家谱4) single-parent family 单亲家庭5) two-parent family 双亲家庭6) acquaintance 熟人7) ancestry 祖先 8) origin 出生9) succession 继任，接替10) affinity 密切关系11) kinsmen by blood 直系亲属12) blood relationship 血缘关系13) offspring 子孙后代14) descendants 后代，后裔15) cousin表兄弟16) aunt 阿姨，姑姑17) uncle叔叔，伯伯，舅舅18) niece侄女19) nephew 侄子20) step-father继父21) ex-wife 前妻22) engaged 已订婚的23) married 已婚的24) marriage status婚姻状况25) single 单身的26) divorced离婚的27) separated 分开的28) remarry再婚29) widow 寡妇30) widower鳏夫31) fiancée未婚妻32) fiancé未婚夫33) live alone一个人住34) pregnant 怀孕的35) have a baby生孩子36) raise a child 养育孩子37) childhood 童年38) generation gap代沟39) do housework做家务40) make the bed铺床41) do the laundry 洗衣服42) clean the house 打扫房子43) pay the bill付账44) marriage breakdown 婚姻破裂45) one-child policy 独生子女政策46) attend the elder 照顾老人47) enjoy the happiness of family life 享受天伦之乐48) traditional idea 传统观念49) take out the trash 扔垃圾 家乡情况 地理位置和环境1) medium-sized中等的2) locate座落于3) situated 位于…的4) lie to the east/west of 位于…的东/西边5) at the foot of在…脚下6) cover覆盖7) square kilometers平方公里8) be surrounded by被…包围9) natural environment自然环境10) altitude 海拔11) longitude 经度12) latitude纬度13) sea 海洋14) gulf海湾15) coast海岸16) strait海峡17) peninsula 半岛18) mountain山脉19) hill小山20) river河流21) lake湖泊22) plateau 高原23) plain平原24) basin盆地25) desert沙漠，荒漠26) island’岛屿27) grassland草地，牧场28) farmland农场29) valley山谷30) hilly land丘陵特产和风俗习惯31) well-known著名的32) specialty特产33) include包括34) abound with盛产35) barley大麦36) wheat小麦37) dim sum点心38) embroidery绣花39) handwork手工40) paper-cut剪纸41) stone-carving石雕风景42) landscape风景43) scenic spot attraction and unique scenery迷人独特的风光44) spectacular壮观的45) historic place历史古迹46) summer resort避暑胜地47) seaside city海滨城市48) famous mountains and great rivers名山大川49) famous tower名塔人文环境50) honest诚实的51) friendly友好的52) open-minded开明的53) pace of life生活节奏54) public awareness公共意识55) community culture社区文化56) metropolis大城市57) shopping paradise购物天堂58) downtown area闹市区59) main industry主要产业60) prosperous 繁荣的61) private enterprise私营企业62) economic development 经济发展63) lively充满生气的64) city center 市中心65) traffic jam交通堵塞66) rush hour高峰期变化67) used to do过去常常做68) great change巨大的变化69) take place发生70) since自从71) living standard生活标准72) skyscraper摩天大楼73) bustling热闹的 交通情况 （一）交通设施74) transportation facility 交通设施75) transportation network 运输网76) infrastructure 基础设施77) land transportation 陆地运输78) marine transportation 海上运输79) metro 地铁80) metro station/line 地铁站/线81) bus 公共汽车82) taxi 出租车83) coach 长途汽车84) driving license 驾驶执照85) motorcycle 摩托车86) private car 私家车87) ferry 渡轮88) plane 飞机89) train 火车90) sleeper 卧铺车厢91) fire engine 消防车92) ambulance 救护车93) trailer 托车94) tunnel 隧道95) sidewalk 人行道96) public transportation 公共交通97) overpass 天桥98) parking lot停车场99) highway 公路100) bridge toll 过桥费101) traffic lane 车道102) zebra crossing 斑马线103) steering wheel 方向盘104) brake 刹车105) engine 引擎106) horn喇叭107) rear-view mirror后视镜108) displacement 排气量（二）交通状况109) pedestrian 行人110) passenger 乘客111) traffic regulation 交通规则112) safety first 安全第一113) one-way road 单行线114) traffic jam 交通堵塞115) rush hour 交通高峰期116) run the red light 闯红灯117) careless driving 粗心驾驶118) fatigue driving 疲劳驾驶119) drunk driving 酒后驾驶120) traffic accident 交通事故121) a chain collision 连环撞车122) excessive speed 超速（三）私家车优缺点123) vehicle owner 汽车拥有者124) convenient 便利的125) comfortable 舒服的126) financial pressure经济压力127) car theft汽车盗窃128) car insurance汽车保险129) sedentary lifestyle久坐的生活方式130) petrol 汽油131) emit排放132) air conditioning system 空调系统133) air pollution 空气污染134) roadside路旁的135) casualties伤亡136) give way让路 经历描述 （一） 语言学习经历1. popular 受欢迎的2. global language 全球通用的语言3. efficient tool for communication 有效的交流工具4. understand different people and cultures了解不同的人和文化5. understand the latest development in science and technology 了解最新的科技进展6. go to study in a foreign country 到国外学习7. limited vocabulary 有限的词汇量8. difficult to memorize new words 很难记住生词9. be not good at grammar 语法掌握的不是很好10. talk frequently and comfortable 顺畅自然的表达11. dare not open mouth and speak 不敢开口去说12. can’t follow the speed of English native speaker 跟不上英语国家的人的说话速度13. be not familiar with the accent 不熟悉口音14. English Language Teaching Programme 英语教学节目15. training center 培训中心16. oral class 口语课17. role-play 角色扮演18. group work 小组活动19. active teacher 活跃的老师20. listening class 听力课21. summer camp 夏令营22. total immersion 全封闭式23. listen to English radio programme 收听英语广播节目24. read English books and magazines 阅读英语书籍和杂志25. private tutor 家教26. English corner/club 英语角/英语俱乐部27. watch English movie 看英文电影 （二） 难忘的经历1. ceremony 庆典2. farewell party 送别宴会3. fancy dress ball 化妆舞会4. Christmas party圣诞晚会5. potluck party 自带食品餐会6. tea party 茶话会7. New Year party新年晚会8. family gathering家庭聚会9. housewarming party乔迁宴会10. graduation ceremony 毕业典礼11. memorable day 难忘的一天12. take place 发生13. look forward to 期盼14. celebration 庆祝15. activity 活动16. attend 参加17. receive an invitation收到邀请18. exciting 令人兴奋的19. thrilled 激动的20. chat happily 高兴的聊天21. cut the cake 切蛋糕22. make a wish 许愿23. blow out the candle 吹蜡烛24. sing the birthday song 唱生日歌25. have a great time 玩得很尽兴26. singing and dancing唱歌跳舞27. propose a toast祝酒28. draw lot抽签29. lively atmosphere活跃的气氛30. a happy event 一件高兴的事情31. an unforgettable trip 一次难忘的旅程32. summer/winter vocation 暑假/寒假33. group travel 随团旅游34. package tour 包办旅游 35. luxury tour 豪华游（三） 生活社会变化1. a change in one’s life 生活中的一次变化2. come to one’s mind 涌现在脑海中3. be fascinated with对…着迷4. cause sb. To do sth.促使某人做某事5. income rise 收入增加6. earn more money 赚更多的钱7. means of transportation 交通方式8. travel by air乘飞机旅游9. living standards 生活标准10. indispensable 不可缺少的11. change the way of life 改变生活方式12. travel overseas 到国外旅游13. rare thing in the past 过去罕见的事情14. own a big house 拥有一间大房子15. afford a private car 买得起私家车16. start one’s own business 创业17. change one’s career 改变职业18. milestone 里程碑19. change reality 改变现实（四） 一种玩过的游戏1. hawk-and-chickens 老鹰捉小鸡2. act as 扮演3. extend her arms 伸出她的双臂4. hide behind her 藏在她身后5. fall prey to the hawk 成为老鹰的猎物6. teamwork 团队合作7. importance of cooperation 合作的重要性8. encourage team spirit in the department 在部门里鼓励团队合作精神9. achieve great accomplishments 取得巨大的成就10. hide-and-seek 捉迷藏11. indoor 在室内12. outdoor 在室外13. seeker 寻找者14. remain in one fixed position 呆在某个固定的地点15. blindfold 被蒙住眼睛的16. reveal 揭示17. exciting and challenging 使人兴奋而又具有挑战性的18. ingenious 灵巧的19. Chinese yo-yo 中国式的溜溜球20. play with a string 用绳子玩21. stick 棍子22. control 控制23. improve children’s intellectual ability 促进儿童的智力发展24. train manual control skills 训练手的控制技巧25. thinking 思考26. fly kite 放风筝27. create one’s own toys 自己做玩具(五)未来计划1. future plan 未来计划2. short-term plan 短期计划3. long-term plan 长期计划4. overall goal 总体目标5. goal for one’s life 生活目标6. successful career 成功的事业7. capable and reliable employee 能干可靠的员工8. competent leader 有能力的领导9. good husband / wife 好丈夫/妻子10. attend to one’s parents 照顾父母11. bring up a happy family建设一个幸福的家庭12. own a big house拥有一栋大房子13. run one’s own business 经营自己的企业14. take along vacation 度一个长假15. lead a fulfilling life 过一种充实的生活16. earn a good income 收入高17. go abroad to study 留学18. dream 梦想19. degree 学位20. foundation programmer 基础课程21. undergraduate programmer 大学课程22. immigrate 移民23. stable political situation 稳定的政局24. recession 缩退25. accommodation 膳宿26. the moment one arrives 刚到达的时候27. an import and export company 一家出口公司28. savings 储蓄29. a place of opportunity 一个充满机会的地方30. survival 生存 科学技术 （一） 科技发展1. high technology 高技术2. technology 技术3. influence 影响4. impact 影响5. novelty新奇事物6. microchip芯片7. experiment试验8. machinery机器9. automatic 自动的10. advanced 先进的11. accurate 精确的12. machine-made 机器制造的13. innovative 革新的14. upgrade 升级15. in a noticeable 以显著的方式16. modern invention 现代发明17. useful device 有用的设备18. curiosity about new technology 对新技术的好奇心19. accumulated knowledge and experience 积累的知识和经验20. scientific research and discovery 科学研究与发现21. information explosion信息爆炸22. knowledge-based 以知识为基础的23. solve the problem 解决问题24. industrial revolution 解决问题25. digital age 数码时代26. the newer, the better 越新越好27. the newest, the best最新的是最好的28. nanotechnology 纳米技术29. biological technology 生物技术30. in case of emergency 以防紧急情况（二） 发明创造1. surf the internet 上网2. screen 屏幕3. laptop 手提电脑4. portable 可携带的5. chat online 网上聊天6. video camera 摄影机7. password 密码8. send e-mails 发邮件9. attachment 附件10. process documents 处理文件11. organize files 整理文档12. computer game 网络游戏13. become addictive 上瘾14. online shopping 网上购物15. distance learning 远程学习16. cyber crime 网络犯罪17. source of violence and pornography 暴力和色情的源头18. hacker 电脑黑客19. break-in 非法侵入20. computer virus 计算机病毒21. greater mobility 更强的机动性22. improve efficiency 提高效率23. easier and more comfortable travel 更便利舒适的旅行24. car accident 汽车事故25. pollution 污染26. congested road 拥挤的道路27. change the way of life 改变生活方式28. handy and convenient方便的29. save time and money 节省时间和金钱30. overcome distance 克服距离31. easy to reach 容易找到32. reduce the chance of meeting each other 减少见面的机会33. sophisticated 间端的34. different functions 不同的功能35. caller display 来电显示36. phone bill 电话单 37. in common use 应用广泛38. digital camera 数码相机39. modern household appliance 现代家用电器40. washing machine 洗衣机41. microwave oven 微波炉42. latest news 最新消息43. vividly 生动地44. improve the quality of life 提高生活质量45. creative 创造性的46. imagination 想象力 旅游度假 一、旅游类型及目的地1. go on a holiday 去度假2. traveling 旅游3. journey 旅行4. tour 游览5. trip 旅程6. voyage 航行7. out trips 郊游8. an excursion (通常是几个人结伴的) 短途旅行,远足9. expedition 探险,远征10. tourists 游客,游人11. a guide 向导,导游12. travel agent 旅行社代理13. recreation office 娱乐活动办公室14. brochures 小册子15. reservation 预定16. package tour 全包游17. schedule of events 日程表,活动安排18. tourist attraction 旅游胜地19. scenic spots 景点20. landscape 风景21. seascape scenery 海景22. grassland 草原,草地23. mountain resort 山林风景区24. places of historic interest 历史名胜25. a riverboat trip 乘船河上游26. a bus trip 乘车游27. a boat trip 乘船出游28. horse riding 骑马29. cycling 骑自行车(出游)30. cycling route 骑车游览路线31. visit a museum 参观博物馆32. visit an amusement park 去游乐场33. visit a water park 游水上乐园34. go to a botanical garden 游植物园35. visit organic farm 参观有机农场36. go to the beach / coast 去沙滩/海滨37. go to mountains 游山38. visit a desert 游览沙漠39. go camping 去野营40. go hiking 徒步旅行41. rock climbing 攀岩42. visit a castle 参观城堡43. an ancient temple 古寺44. a cathedral 教堂45. Great Barrier Reef 大碉堡46. Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院47. Tower of London 伦敦塔48. Bristol 布里斯托尔(英国英格兰西南部港市)49. Great Britain 大不列颠,英国50. Salisbury 索尔兹伯里(英国英格兰南部城市)51. Stonehenge (英国南部索尔兹伯里附近)史前巨石阵52. Bath 巴斯 (英国英格兰西南部城市)53. American Museum 美国博物馆二、游览活动1. go surfing 去冲浪2. go diving 去潜水3. go swimming 去游泳4. soak up the sun 晒日光浴5. walk along the beach 沿着沙滩散步6. admire the sunset 欣赏日落7. bush walking 林中散步8. enjoy the singing of birds 听鸟鸣9. take some fresh air 吸收新鲜空气10. see waterfalls 观瀑布11. bathe in hot springs 泡温泉12. observe animals and birds 观察动物/观鸟13. see sea creatures 观看海洋生物14. see splendid view of valley 观壮观峡谷15. taste local food 品尝地方风味16. visit nightclubs 去夜总会17. take a picnic 野餐18. have a barbecue 在户外烧烤19. experience different cultures 感受不同的文化20. splendid scenery 壮丽景观21. scenery with hills and rivers 山水风景22. widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面23. widen one’s horizons 开阔眼界24. the magic of nature 大自然的神奇25. wonders of mankind 人类创造的奇迹三、交通设备和住宿1. book a flight 预定航班2. a coach 长途客车3. cross-country 越野的4. a caravan 大篷车,旅行队5. an express train 快车6. economy class 经济舱7. a mountain bike 山地车8. a passport 护照9. a driving license 驾驶执照 媒体广告 一、话题介绍1. Newspapers1) newspaper 报纸2) weekly周报3) daily 日报4) morning paper 早报5) evening paper 晚报6) quality paper严肃报纸，高级报纸7) special issue 特刊8) makeup 版面9) reader’s interest 读者兴趣10) readability 可读性11) profile 人物专访12) trim 删改13) beat 采写范围14) clipping 剪报15) continued story 连载故事16) editorial 社论17) review 评论18) print 印刷19) contribute 发行20) tabloid 小报21) classified ads 分类广告22) correspondent 记者23) press photographer 摄影记者2. Magazine1) magazine 杂志2) periodical 期刊3) annual 年刊4) quarterly 季刊5) monthly 月刊6) bimonthly 双月刊7) weekly周刊8) supplement 增刊9) remuneration 稿费10) circulation 发行量11) correction 更正12) reprint 转载13) column 栏目，专栏14) article 文章15) publish 出版3. Broadcasting1) radio 收音机2) broadcast 广播3) broadcast speech 广播演讲4) newscast 新闻广播5) live broadcast 实况转播6) weather forecast 天气预报7) studio 演播室8) announcer 播音员9) transmitting station 发射台10) frequency 频率11) waveband 波段12) wavelength 波长13) timbre 音质14) stereo 立体声4. Television1) news 新闻2) educational 教育性的3) recreational 娱乐的4) relaxation 放松5) telecourse电视课程6) screen 屏幕7) channel 频道8) aerial 天线9) TV play 电视剧10) commercial ads商业广告11) international perspective 国际视眼12) family enjoyment 天伦之乐，家庭乐趣5. Net1) Internet 互联网2) download 下载3) website 网址4) www万维网5) surf the net 上网6) provide people with all kinds of information 给人们提供各种各样的信息7) source of violence and pornography 暴力和色情的来源8) spread computer viruses 传播计算机病毒9) chat online 网上聊天10) video camera 摄影机11) password 密码12) attachment 附件13) online shopping 网上购物14) distance learning 远程学习15) cyber crime网络犯罪16) hacker 黑客17) break –in 入侵18) attack 进攻6. Opinion on Media and News Broadcasting1) domestic news 国内新闻2) international news国际新闻3) political event政治事件4) publicity宣传5) scandal丑闻6) sex scandal 桃色丑闻7) hot news 热点新闻8) human interests 人情味9) in-depth reporting深度报道10) timeliness 时效性11) update fast 更新快12) sensational 具有轰动效应的13) hearsay 小道消息14) news value 新闻价值15) suspended interest 悬念16) highlight要闻17) exclusive 独家的18) advertisement广告19) box花边新闻20) pseudo event假新闻21) brief简讯22) objectivity 客观性23) subjectivity 主观性24) opinion poll民意调查25) anecdote趣闻轶事26) news agency通讯社27) attribution 消息来源28) subhead 副标题29) background 背景30) press conference 记者招待会31) news clue 新闻线索32) freedom of the press新闻自由33) slant主观报道34) reliable可靠的35) bias偏见36) credible可信的37) accurate准确的38) irresponsible不负责任的39) instant 立即的40) live report现场报道41) the latest最新的 人物描述 1.身材 FIGURE1) height 身高 2) quite tall 挺高的3) rather short 挺矮的4) medium height 中等个头5) beer belly 啤酒肚6) thin 瘦的7) slim 苗条的8) gentle and graceful 窈窕的9) fat 胖的10) overweight 超重的11) plump 丰满的12) muscular 强健的13) stout 结实的2.头发 HAIR1) black/grey hair 黑/花白的头发2) thick/thin hair 头发密/稀3) straight/curly/wavy hair 直发/卷发/波浪法4) fair/blond hair 金发5) blonde 金发女子6) dyed hair染过的头发7) part in the middle中分8) have got a ponytail 梳马尾辫9) long/short plait 长/短辫子10) fringe 刘海11) neat 整齐的12) untidy 不整齐的3.脸部 FACE1) pretty 漂亮的2) handsome 英俊的3) beautiful 美丽的4) made-up 化了妆的5) fair/dark/pale complexion 白皙/黝黑/苍白的6) freckle 雀斑7) wrinkle 皱纹8) pimple暗疮9) mole 痣10) broad face 宽脸11) oval face 瓜子脸12) round face 圆脸13) long face 长脸14) square face 方脸15) prominent head 突出的前额 16) high cheek bones 高高的獾骨17) bushy eyebrows 浓密的眉毛18) big/small/black eye 大/小/黑 眼睛19) double eyelid 双眼皮20) with glasses 带眼镜的21) straight/snub nose 笔挺的/扁的鼻子22) Roman nose鹰钩鼻23) dimple 酒窝24) beard 胡须25) moustache 小胡子26) whisker 落腮胡子27) clean-shaved 剔刮干净的28) double chin 双下巴4.年龄和精神 AGE AND SPIRITAL1) in one’s 30’s 30多岁2) in one’s early 40’s 40出头3) about 40 大约40 岁4) nearly fifty 年近505) cheerful 愉快的6) serious 严肃的7) cool 冷酷的8) disappointed 失望的9) restless不安的10) depressed 沮丧的11) lose one’s heart失去信心12) in high/low spirit 情绪高涨/低落5.品质与能力CHARACTER AND ABILITY1) good skill好的技能2) willpower 意志力3) perseverance 毅力4) courage 勇气5) motto 座右铭6) intelligent/smart 聪明的7) alert 机警的8) generous 慷慨的9) stingy 节俭的10) considerate 体贴的11) caring 无微不至的12) gentle 温柔的13) humorous 幽默的14) straightforward 率直的15) frank 坦率的16) gallant 英勇的17) cooperative 合作的18) conscientious 尽责的19) disorganized 紊乱的20) talkative 健谈的 21) sensitive 敏感的22) pessimistic 悲观的23) optimistic 乐观的24) timid 胆小的25) introverted 内向的26) stubborn 固执的27) conservative 保守的28) unpredictable 不可预测的29) changeable 可改变的30) open-minded 开明的31) quick-minded 思维敏捷的32) bad-tampered 坏脾气的33) short-tempered 急性子的34) bad-mannered 没礼貌的35) patriotic 爱国的36) enthusiastic 热情的37) audacious 大胆的38) be strict with oneself对自己要求严格39) versatile 多才多艺的40) creative 富有创造力的 41) original 有独创性的42) amicable 和蔼可亲的43) tough 坚韧的44) energetic 精力充沛的45) competent 能胜任的46) industrious 勤奋的47) analytic 善于分析的48) spirited 活泼的49) steady 稳健的50) sporting 喜爱运动的51) dedicated 有奉行精神的52) strong-willed坚强意志的53) aggressive 有进取心的54) apprehensive 善于领会的55) charming 有美丽的56) confident 自信的57) ambitious 有雄心壮志的58) dashing 闯劲足的59) aspiring 有报复的60) just 正直的61) cultured 有修养的62) responsible 有责任的63) earnest 认真的64) well-educated 受过良好教育的65) efficient 有效率的66) expressive 善于表达的67) methodical 有条理的68) modest 谦虚的69) precise 严谨的70) systematic 有系统的71) tireless 孜孜不倦的72) sociable 爱交际的73) calm and composed 沉着冷静的74) bold and uninhibited 胆大妄为的75) with heroic spirit 有英雄气概的76) be good at organizing 善于组织的77) act on impulse 一时冲动的做事78) sinister smile 阴险的笑79) say one way and act another 说一套 做一套80) easy to lose tamper 容易发脾气6.各种人物DIFFERENT PEOPLE1) admire 崇拜2) idol 偶像3) sport star 体育明星4) singer 歌星5) actor 男演员6) actress 女演员7) professor 教授8) scientist 科学家9) neighbor 邻居10) president 总统11) celebrity 名人12) the hottest pop singer 最受欢迎歌手13) main hit song 主打歌曲14) release 发行15) large benefit performance 大型公益事业筹款演出16) a person who has greatly influenced you 一个对你影响重大的人 体育休闲 （一） 体育运动1. track and field sports 田径运动2. table tennis 乒乓球3. badminton 羽毛球4. football 足球5. basketball 篮球6. volleyball排球7. tennis 网球8. baseball 棒球9. indoor stadium 室内运动场10. sports field 运动场11. basket court 篮球场12. volleyball court 排球场13. football field 足球场14. swimming pool 游泳池15. weight lifting 举重16. judo 柔道17. boxing 拳击18. rope skipping 跳绳19. swimming 游泳20. diving 潜水21. rowing 划船22. martial arts 武术23. roller skating 溜旱冰24. cycling 骑自行车25. jogging 慢跑26. go hiking 徒步旅行27. play bowling打保龄球28. gymnasium 健身房29. Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会30. tournament 锦标赛31. national team 国家队32. home team 主队33. visiting team 客队34. cheerleader 啦啦队长35. tie 平局36. referee 裁判37. outscore… 得分超过…38. be good for one’s health 对健康有益39. build one’s physique锻炼身体40. develop intellectual resource 开发智力41. relieve tension and pressure 消除紧张和压力(二)休闲活动1. be crazy about…对…着迷2. be enthusiastic about…对…满腔热情3. be fond of…喜欢4. be keen on 热衷于5. entertainment 娱乐6. recreational activity 娱乐节目7. night life 夜生活8. leisure activity 休闲活动9. spare time 业余时间10. go to discos 蹦迪11. karaoke 卡拉OK12. relaxing 轻松的13. release sb. a bit让人放松一点14. mould one’s temperament 陶冶性情15. make somebody energetic and vigorous使人精力充沛、充满活力16. cultivate cooperative spirit 培养合作精神17. boost morale 鼓舞士气18. make sb. stay fit and healthy使某人保持身材和健康19. help ab. become strong 帮助某人变得强壮20. antique 古玩21. time-consuming 耗费时间的22. play mah-jong 打麻将 文化之旅 1. action film 动作片2. comedy喜剧3. tragedy悲剧4. detective film侦探片5. documentary film纪录片6. horror film恐怖片7. musical音乐剧8. science fiction film科幻片9. ethnical film伦理片10. trailer 预告片11. hero男主角12. heroin女主角13. projector放映机14. producer制片人15. director导演16. supporting role配角17. admission ticket 入场券18. ticket office售票处19. film festival电影节20. Venice International Film Festival威尼斯国际电影节21. Cannes International Film Festival嘎纳国际电影节 22. Academy/Oscar Awards奥斯卡金像奖23. remote control遥控器24. TV serial电视连续剧25. bring reality to the public把现实带到观众卖面前26. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式27. commercial advertisement商业广告28. holidays and festivals 节假日29. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节30. Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节31. Spring Festival Gala Evening on CCTV中央电视台的春节联欢晚会32. have a big meal吃大餐33. gift money压岁钱34. have a big meal 吃大餐35. the first day of lunar year 大年初一36. dinner on New Year’s Eve 年夜饭37. visit relatives and friends 探亲访友38. pay a New Year’s visit 拜年39. festive specialty节日食品40. rice dumpling /zongzi粽子41. librarian 图书管理员42. antique 古董43. artifact 人工制品44. bronze 青铜器45. calligraphy 书法46. carving 雕刻品47. dinosaur恐龙48. fossil 化石49. ivory 象牙50. jade玉，翡翠51. porcelain瓷器52. pottery陶器53. sculpture雕塑品54. terracotta陶俑55. Revolutionary Museum革命博物馆56. Palace Museum故宫博物院 兴趣爱好 （一） 休闲娱乐24. be crazy about…对…着迷25. be enthusiastic about…对…满腔热情26. be fond of…喜欢27. be keen on 热衷于28. entertainment 娱乐29. recreational activity 娱乐节目30. night life 夜生活31. leisure activity 休闲活动32. spare time 业余时间33. go to discos 蹦迪34. karaoke 卡拉OK35. relaxing 轻松的36. release sb. a bit让人放松一点37. mould one’s temperament 陶冶性情38. make somebody energetic and vigorous使人精力充沛、充满活力39. cultivate cooperative spirit 培养合作精神40. boost morale 鼓舞士气41. make sb. stay fit and healthy使某人保持身材和健康42. help ab. become strong 帮助某人变得强壮43. antique 古玩44. time-consuming 耗费时间的45. play mah-jong 打麻将46. interesting and informative programme有趣并使人增长知识的节目（二） 运动 42. track and field sports 田径运动43. table tennis 乒乓球44. badminton 羽毛球45. football 足球46. basketball 篮球47. volleyball排球48. tennis 网球49. baseball 棒球50. indoor stadium 室内运动场51. sports field 运动场52. basket court 篮球场53. volleyball court 排球场54. football field 足球场55. swimming pool 游泳池56. weight lifting 举重57. judo 柔道58. boxing 拳击59. rope skipping 跳绳60. swimming 游泳61. diving 潜水62. rowing 划船63. martial arts 武术64. roller skating 溜旱冰65. cycling 骑自行车66. jogging 慢跑67. go hiking 徒步旅行68. play bowling打保龄球69. gymnasium 健身房70. Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会71. tournament 锦标赛72. national team 国家队73. home team 主队74. visiting team 客队75. cheerleader 啦啦队长76. tie 平局77. referee 裁判78. out score… 得分超过…79. be good for one’s health 对健康有益80. build one’s physique锻炼身体81. develop intellectual resource 开发智力82. relieve tension and pressure 消除紧张和压力（三） 阅读1. literature 文学2. plot 情节3. character 角色4. swordsman fiction 武侠小说5. biography 自传6. detective novel 侦探小说7. historical novel 历史小说8. romance novel 爱情小说9. popular novel 通俗小说10. best-seller 畅销书11. newspaper 报纸12. magazine 杂志13. an inspiring book 励志书14. Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义15. Journey to the West 西游记16. A Dream of Red Mansions 红楼梦17. Outlaws of the Marsh 水浒传 （四） 音乐1. classical music 古典音乐2. folk music 民间音乐3. country music 乡村音乐4. light music 轻音乐5. traditional music 传统音乐6. rock and roll 摇滚音乐7. pop music 流行音乐8. dance music 舞曲9. campus music 校园音乐10. lyrics 歌词11. sentimental 感伤的12. tuneful 悦耳的13. melodious 悠扬的14. soulful 充满热情的15. graceful rhythm 优美的韵律16. concert 音乐会17. composer 作曲家18. violin 小提琴19. accordion 手风琴20. bring sb. pleasure 给某人带来愉悦21. remove one’s bad mood让坏心情一扫而光22. kill one’s leisure time 消磨空闲时间23. help understand the culture 帮助了解文化24. universal language 通用语言25. calm the passion 镇定情绪26. dispel unrest and lust 消除不安与欲望（五） 旅游1. tourist attraction 旅游胜地2. tour guide 导游3. camping 露营4. remote area偏远地区5. scenic spot景点6. grassland 草原7. place of historic interest 历史名胜8. temple 寺庙9. expand one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面10. broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼见11. protect old buildings and historical relics保护古老建筑和历史遗迹 饮食餐厅 （一）食品（1） 蔬菜1. cabbage 卷心菜2. Chinese cabbage 白菜3. spinach 菠菜4. celery 芹菜5. radish 萝卜6. carrot 胡萝卜7. onion 洋葱8. tomato 番茄9. cauliflower 花椰菜10. eggplant 茄子11. cucumber 黄瓜12. mushroom 蘑菇13. potato 马铃薯14. ginger 姜15. scallion 韭葱16. garlic 蒜17. chili 辣椒18. vegetable 蔬菜（2） 水果1. fruit 水果2. apple 苹果3. banana 香蕉4. orange 桔子5. lemon 柠檬6. coconut 椰子7. peach 桃子8. plum 李子9. litchi/lychee 荔枝10. longan 龙眼11. pineapple 菠萝12. cherry 樱桃13. strawberry 草莓14. olive 橄榄15. grape 葡萄16. watermelon 西瓜17. durian 榴莲18. mangosteen 山竹19. mango 芒果20. star fruit 杨桃21. kiwi fruit 猕猴桃22. grapefruit 西柚、（3） 肉类，海鲜1. poultry 家禽2. chicken 鸡肉3. roast duck 烤鸭4. sparerib 小排骨5. lean meat 瘦肉6. grilled pork 叉烧肉7. beef 牛肉8. beefsteak 牛排9. mutton 羊肉10. snake flash 蛇肉11. ham 火腿12. cured meat 腊肉13. sausage 香肠14. shrimp 虾15. fish 鱼肉16. squid roll 鱿鱼卷17. abalone 鲍鱼18. sea slug 海参19. jellyfish 海蜇20. prawn 大虾21. lobster龙虾（4） 粮食1. starchy food 淀粉类食物2. rice 米饭3. noodle 面条4. dumpling 饺子5. bread 面包6. steamed bread 馒头7. cereal 谷物8. wheat 小麦9. corn 玉米10. wonton 馄饨11. porridge 粥12. fried rice with egg 蛋炒饭13. rice noodle 米粉14. cake 蛋糕15. dim sum 点心（5） 饮品1. cold drink 冷饮2. hot drink 热饮3. soup 汤4. milk 牛奶5. yogurt 酸奶6. coffee 咖啡7. green/black tea 绿/红茶8. strong/weak tea 浓/淡茶9. soda water 苏打水10. lemonade 柠檬汁11. mineral water 矿泉水12. cocktail 鸡尾酒13. whisky 威士忌（6） 烹饪和菜肴1. cooking 做饭2. ingredient 原料3. condiment 调味品4. butter 黄油5. soy sauce 酱油6. delicious 美味的7. salty 咸的8. sweet甜的9. spicy 辣的10. insipid 淡而无味的11. greasy 油腻的12. roast 烤13. stew 炖14. stir fry 炒15. quick fry 爆16. hotpot 火锅(二)餐馆1. fast food 快餐2.restaurant 餐馆3.canteen 食堂4.menu 菜单5.appetite 胃口6.waiter/waitress 服务员7.beautiful environment 优美的环境8.romatic atmosphere浪漫的氛围 住房环境 1.外部居住环境1) rural area 乡村地区2) suburban/urban area 郊区/城区3) commercial centre 商业中心4) community 社区5) in a fine/prime location 好位置6) on the corner 在拐角7) on both sides of the street 在街道的两边8) south-facing 朝南的9) look onto a garden 正对着花园10) green belt 绿化带11) with a good view 有美丽的景致12) with a beautiful seascape有美丽的海景13) ventilation 通风14) residential area 居住区15) real estate 房地产16) quadrangle dwelling 四合院17) blocks of flats 公寓楼18) two-story building 两层建筑19) villa 别墅20) apartment 公寓21) high-rise flat 高层公寓22) official residence 官邸23) house 房子24) single-story house 平房25) cottage 农舍26) mansion 大厦27) dormitory 宿舍2.内部居住环境1) stair 楼梯2) garage 车库3) storeroom 储藏室4) balcony 阳台5) courtyard 院子6) bedroom 卧室7) living room客厅8) dining room 饭厅9) bathroom 浴室10) toilet 洗手间11) kitchen 厨房12) study room 书房13) flat roof 平屋顶14) sloping roof 斜屋顶15) ceiling 天花板16) wooden floor 木地板17) French window 落地窗18) shutter 百叶窗19) outer/inner wall 外/内墙20) hall 门厅21) sofa 沙发22) couch 长沙发23) chair 椅子24) display cabinet 成列橱柜25) wardrobe 衣柜26) bunk bed 双层床27) dressing table 梳妆台28) bookshelf 书架29) fish tank 鱼缸30) potted plant 盆栽31) pendent lamp 吊灯32) wall lamp 壁灯33) floor lamp 落地灯34) table lamp 台灯35) fringe 冰箱36) microwave oven 微波炉37) sink 水槽38) shower 淋浴39) wash basin 洗脸盆40) tub 浴缸41) carpet 地毯42) be well decorated 装修的很漂亮43) luxurious interior decoration 豪华室内装修44) be well furnished 布置得体45) ornament 装饰品46) spacious 宽敞的47) shabby 简陋的48) simple 简朴 雅思阅读词汇 A(119) Abandon 放弃Aboriginal 土著的，原有的 natural original native， indigenousAbsenteeism 缺乏，短缺, 旷职 shortageAbsorb 吸收，从..中Absorption Abuse 滥用, 过度使用Academic 学术的Accelerate (使)加速,催促Access (互联网)接口Accessible 易接近的,容易的 easy be more accessible to = be easier to Accessory 附件Accidentally 意外地,偶然地Acclaim 欢呼, 公认Accommodation 住房,居住Accompany 陪伴Accomplish 完成,实现 bring..into realityaccount for 解释 accumulation 积累 stimulation accurate 仔细的,完全正确的achieve (通过努力)获得 attainacquire 获得,赢得 require 俄俄nquireacumen 敏锐,明智，才智,才干adapt 使..适合 adept adoptadaptable 适应(新环境)的,能适用的adjust 调整administration 行政,管理adolescence 青春期adopt 采用advanced 先进的,高级的 lectureradverse (正式)不利的,反对的advocate 律师,提倡者affordable 有支付能力的agenda 议程,点aggressive 挑衅的,进取的,积极的aid 补助,帮助ailment (不严重的)疾病alert 警觉的,警惕的;警告alienation 离间,疏远allergy 过敏症,厌恶alternative 其他的,可选择的, 另类的 amateur 业余活动者;业余的amaze 使大吃一惊,使惊愕ambiguity 含糊,模棱两可ambiguous 不清楚的,多义的,含糊的ambitious 雄心勃勃的,野心勃勃的amorphous 无定型的,无组织的amphibian 水陆两栖动物(如蛙)amphibious水陆两栖的, 水陆两用的an array of 各种各样的, 一队队的 a variety of all kinds/sorts ofanalogous (正式)类似的,相似的analogy 相似,类似analysis 分析,分解ancient 古代的anecdotal 奇闻轶事的,杂文琐事的anesthetic annual 每年的anthropology 人类anticipate 预期,期待apparatus 仪器,工具 facilityappliance 装置,器械applicant 申请者,请求者 application applianceapply 申请appreciable 堪称重要的appreciate 理解,欣赏,兴趣approach 方法;接近appropriate 正确的,合适的approximately 接近地 almostaptitude (尤指学习之)才能,天赋 ability capability acumen archaeological 考古学architecture 建筑学 faculty majorarchive (政府之)档案argue 认为 maintain argument 议论文, 观点arise 出现artificial 人造的,虚假的 pseudo-event arrangement 布置,整理,协调article 文章,条款as opposed to 反对, 作为..的相反面 compared/contrasted with versusaspect 方面aspiration 渴望,渴望得到之物assemble 聚集,装配assert 断言,宣称,主张assessment 评估assistant 助理,助手associate 副的;同伴,伙伴 vice deputy directorassociation 协会,社团 foundation assume 假定,采用assumption 假想,假装asthma 哮喘astound 使大吃一惊asymmetry 不对称的attempt 努力,试图 attempt to/ strive to / try to/ endeavor toattribute 属性,归于audacious 大胆的authorize 授权authority 当局,权威,(管理)局automatically 自动地available 可获得的avalanche 雪崩average 平均的aviator 航空avoid 避免awareness 意识 consciousness B(33)badge 徽章,证章ban 禁止banal 陈腐的barrier 困难,障碍obstaclebe around 在..附近 be afterbe shot of 摆脱,完成beforehand 预先 preceding bereavement (丧亲之)痛bespectacled 带眼镜的beverage (水、药、酒等除外的)饮料biased 有偏见的 discriminationbilateral 双方的，两边的 two-side biological 生物学的bizarre 难题；奇怪的，古怪的 blast 强风，摧残blooming 太，旺盛的blur 使模糊，使看不清boast of 自夸，以..为骄傲boom 低沉的声音botanical 植物的,植物学的bother 打扰boulder 巨石bounce 弹起,跳回boundary 边界branch 分支(机构)breeding 繁殖,生育 reproducebreeze 微风,容易做的事badger 烦挠bulge 突出,膨胀bulk (比例词)..中的主体 majority mass most bully 欺负burgeon 欣欣向荣,蒸蒸日上的buzzword （流行或时髦的）专业术语或技术用语 C (123)calculation 计算caliber 事或人的性质与品质 quality charactercampaign (商业性)活动cancer 癌,病毒 cancelcandidate 候选人captive 被拘禁的capture 抓捕carbon biocide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳monoculturecar-pooling （车主间）轮流运输的协议carry out 实施(计划、方案等)casualty 急诊室,受伤者 emergency room victimcatch on 开始实施categorize 分类,归类category 类别cater for 满足 appeal to /meetcease 停止(做..)ceiling 天花板celebrate 庆祝censure 批判,指责 censusceramic 陶器的chamber 寝室characteristics 特征characterchart 图表chase 追捕 finding search for check 检测chic 别致,时髦 fashionchink 缝隙chronic (疾病)长期的,慢性的cigarette 香烟circulation 循环(尤指血液)circumstance 环境 setting environment surroundingcite 召唤,传讯clarify 解释,澄清 interpret clerks 职员 staffclinic 诊所clue 细节cluster (使)成串、束 bunchcohesion 附着，内聚力collaboration 合作colleague 同事、伙伴 partnercombination 结合，联合combine （使）联合，连结combust 燃烧come across 跨越，穿越；偶然遇见come to life 转危为安comment 评语，批评commentator 评论员 commercial 商务的commission 委托，任务commitment 承诺，预定，监禁commodity 货品，商品communication 交流comparison 比较（指行为）complain 抱怨complementary 互补的complexity 复杂，错综complicated 错综的，复杂的complication 复杂化component 成分，部分composite 拼凑成的compound 合成词，圈地comprehend 理解 interpret, appreciatecompromising 妥协的concave 凹镜,集中精力concentrate on 集中精力于concentration 集中conception 概念，理念concern 点，concrete 混凝土conduct 实施conference 会议，谈判confirm 证实，支持conform to 符合，顺应confrontation 对抗 be confronted withconfuse 使混乱，使迷惑congestion 交通阻塞，使充血conscious 有意识的，神智清醒的aware, idea, conceptionconsequence 结果conservative 传统的considerable 相当多的，相当大的consistency 一贯，前后一致consortium 财团constitute 构成constrain 强迫，束缚construct 构成consult 咨询，考察consultant 顾问，高级医生或专家contain 包含contaminate 污染contemporary 同时代的continent 大陆，洲contingency 可能性，偶然性contrary 相反的contribute to 导致 lead to, result in, give rise to, bring aboutcontrive 计划，图谋controversial 有争论性的paradox, thought-provoking, convenient 方便的，舒适的conventional 传统的，习惯的conversely 相反地convert 使改变convey 传送，运送cooperative 合力的，协力的corpus 全集，全部资料cortex 外皮cosset 宠爱，纵容counterpart 相对应之人或物court 花园，球场crack （使）破裂criminal 犯罪分子criterion 标准crop up on 在..领域取得成就crowd 拥挤crucial 极重要的,有决定意义的, vital, significant, criticalcrust 地壳，外壳,硬皮cubic 立方体的cubic meter 立方米currency 流传,流通current 当今的curse 诅咒 D (85)dealing 交易,买卖方法debris 残骸decade 十年 two decades generationdeceive 欺骗decipher 解开(疑团)decompression 减压decoration 装饰dedicate 贡献于deductive 推断的,演绎的defect 缺点;脱离define 解释,下定义definition 定义deflect 偏离,转向delay 耽搁,拖延deliberate 考虑,研讨deliver 释放,交送delta (河流之)三角洲democratic 民主政治的demographic 统计学,人口学demolish 摧毁,拆除demonstrate 有证据表明,展示dental 牙齿的depict 描写depletion 虚弱,枯竭deposit 定金, 存款depression 经济萧条 recessiondeprive 剥夺describe 描述desirable 令人满意的,令人喜爱的 undesirabledestiny 命运destroy 破坏,摧毁destruction 破坏detach 分开,分离detect 查明,查出detective 侦探detract 诽谤,减去detrimental 有害的devastating 毁灭性的deviant 微不足道的devise 计划,发明devote 献身,致力于dialect 方言digest 摘要digital 数据化的dilute 弄淡,稀释的dimension ..方面的,..的 multi-dimensiondiminish 减少,弄小direction 方向,说明discard 放弃 throw awaydischarge 放出,流出,卸货discontent 不满足,不满意discourage 失望discrimination 偏见disfigure 破坏..的外貌disguise 假扮,改装disharmony 不一致,不协调dismantle 拆开disorder 乱序displace 使..脱离原由的味道displease 使不高兴dispose 配属,部署disposition 天性,气质disproportionately 不对称的,不成比例的disrupt 扰乱dissemination 传播,散布distinguishing 不同的,明显的distort 歪曲diverse 不同大divide 区分divine 极好的,神的division 区分dock 船坞document 用证件证明，支持；文件dogged 顽强的,坚忍不拔的domestic 国内的dominate 主导的,居于统治地位的dormant 静止的double helix 双螺旋结构dramatically 巨大的dredge 捞取,撒食物drill 钻孔dubious 可疑的dump 倾倒dusty 灰色的dynamic 动力的 E earthquake 地震ecological 生态学的ecosystem 生态系统edge 刀口,边缘edible 可以吃的，适合吃的efficiency 效率、效力eject 投出，逐出electrode 电极eliminate 排除，淘汰emerge 出现，露出eminent 著名的，卓著的emission 发出，发热； 发射物emphasize 强调，特别着重说employ 雇佣，运用embankment 堤防，路基encounter 面对，遭遇（困难、危险）encourage 产生endanger 使面临危险endeavour （正式）努力，竭力endorse 签名于背面，背书enforcement 实施；强迫enfranchise 给予选举权；释放engage 从事（某种活动）；保证；雇佣engine 发动机enhance 提高enlighten 启发，教导enormously 巨大地，极大地ensure 担保（获得）；确定enterprise （带冒险性的）计划；事业心entertainment 娱乐entrance 入口；使出神envelope 包裹envisage 设想（未来可能实现之事）equality 平等equation 相等；方程式equip 装备；提供，充实equivalent 相等的，同等的erosion 侵蚀，破坏eruption 喷发；出疹escalate 使上升；升级essence 本质，基本点essential 本质的，基本的establish 建立；稳稳安置（自己）estate 法定财产；（一人拥有的）地产，庄园estimate 评估；估价ethical 伦理的，道德的ethnography 人种学evacuate 撤退；疏散eventually 最终地evolution 进化论，进化exacerbate 使恶化；刺激exalt 赞扬，歌颂excavate 挖掘，挖出exceed 打破；超过exceptional 杰出的，优秀的exchange 交流；交换exclusively 唯一地execute 实施（计划、任务）exhale 呼出（气、烟等）exhaust 疲惫；耗尽exhibition 展览会exhortation 劝告，规劝expansion 膨胀，膨胀物expectation 预期exploitation 捕捞；探索explosive 易引起争论的exposure 暴露extensive 广泛的extension （作业）延长期external 国外的，外部的extinction （生物）绝种；消减extol （正式）赞美extra 额外的extraordinary 与众不同的extravagance 奢侈，放纵extremely 极其地，非常 Ffasade 建筑物的正面，（尤指虚伪的）外表facilitate使容易，帮助facility 设备；才能faithfully 忠诚的，诚实的fallow 荒置的土地fascinating 迷人的，吸引人的fasten 捆紧fatal 致命的fatigue 疲乏，（使）疲乏fauna 描述某地区或某时期动物的文字记载favorable 满意的，嘉许的feasible 可行的，可能的feature 特色federation 联邦政府，联合会fertilizer 肥料fiber 纤维fierce 残酷的，强烈的fitness 健康flame 火焰；燃烧flank 处于..侧面flaw 缺点flexible 灵活flora (某一时代、地区的)植物fluctuate （价格、数量等的）涨落fluently 流利地focal 焦点的focus 焦点人物；集中于（某事物）forecast 预测，预料formality 正规手续，形式formula 计划，公式formulate 设计或规划；用简明的形式表示forthcoming 开始出现fossil fuel 固体燃料,化石燃料(如煤,石油)foundation 基础, 基金fragment 碎片,打断frame 结构框架freedom 自由freight (空运、水运与路运等的)货物； 运送货物frequency 频率friction 冲突，矛盾；磨擦frown upon 不赞成，不同意fume 愤怒，发怒function 功能；运作fundamental 根本的，重要的；基本原则 Ggather 收集gauge 标准规格；估计gear 控制运行工具的装置；以齿轮连起gender 性别generate 产生genetic 遗传的，起源的genuine 真实的geometric 几何的giant 巨大的gigantic 非常巨大的give rise to 导致glacial 冰的，冰河的globe 全球的，球状体的gradually 逐渐地granite 花岗岩gravity 重力；庄重，严肃guesswork 臆测guideline 指导方针gullibly 易受骗的 Hhabitat （动植物的）产地，栖息地hail 冰雹，下冰雹halt 停止前进，停顿下来handicap 障碍；受阻碍haphazard 随意的，任意的hardship （生活）困苦，艰苦harridan 凶恶的老妇hazard 冒险；危险hazardous 危险的，冒险的hectare 公顷hence 因此，所以hierarchy 等级historically 历史性的hollow 中空的；语言虚伪的holy grail 圣杯horizontally 水平地hospitality 好客，款待hostile 敌方的，敌对的household 家属，家人humble （人的）地位低微humidity 湿度humorous 幽默的，风趣的hypothesis 假想 Iidealistic 理想主义的identical 完全相同的identify 辨认，确认identify 身份ideology 意识，意识形态ignition 点火，燃烧ignore 忽略，忽视illustration 插图imbalance 不平衡immediate 即时的impact 影响力；影响impair 损害implement 工具；实现，实施impossibly 不可能地impressive 给人以深刻印象的；令人佩服的in accordance with 与..相一致inadvertently 不注意地,忽略地incendiary 煽动性的incentive 刺激,鼓励incorporate 合并,并入independent 独立的indicate 表明indigenous 土产的,本地的individual 单个的inevitable 不可避免的infection 传染,污染inferior 低人一等的infrastructure 基础设施influential 有影响力的ingenuity 聪明,设计ingredient （混合物之）成分inhabitant 居民inhalation 吸气，吸收inheritance 继承的财物，遗传的特征、体质initial 最初的，开始的initiative 主动，率先inland 内陆innate 生来的，天赋的innovative 创新的，革新的insatiable 无法满足的， 不知足的inspiration 令人激动的事件或事物;灵感,好主意instantaneous 瞬间的,即时的institution 由来已久的风俗习惯,知名人士,名流insulate 隔绝,使人与不良事物相隔绝insurance 保险,保险措施integral 构成整体所必需的integrate (将某物与另一事物相结合)构成整体intelligence 学习、理解和推理的能力,智力,脑力intensity 强烈,剧烈;（感情等的）强烈程度interfere 干预，妨碍interior 内地，内陆internal 内部的，在内部的interpretation 理解，解释，说明intrigue 激起某人的好奇心introduce 引进，介绍intuitively 凭直觉地invade 入侵，侵袭invaluable 价值高得无法估量的，极其珍贵的invert 使某物倒转、颠倒investigation 调查involve 包括，涉及irony 有讽刺意味的情况irreversible 不能撤销的，不能更改的irritable 急躁的，易怒的irritation 愤怒、烦恼isolate 使隔离issue 问题，论点；一次发出的邮票、钞票 Jjournal 报纸、定期刊物journey 旅程，从一地到另一地所用的时间junction 交叉路口，汇合处jungle 丛林地带justify 证明某物的正确，提供正当理由 K\Lkidney 肾laboratory 实验室laborious 艰苦的，费力的lag behind 落后landscape（陆上的）风景，风景画latitude 纬度地区laudable 应受到称赞的，值得夸奖大的launch 发动，发射layer 层layout 安排，设计，编辑leadership 作为领导者，领导能力legal 合法的legislation 立法、法律的规定leisure 休闲linguistic 语言的，语言学的literally 识字能力地；照原文，精确地locate 指出某人某物的精确位置location 地点，居住地logical 和逻辑的，推理正确的longitudinal 经度的，长的，纵横的lung 肺 Mmechanism 机械装置，结构，构造mainstream 主流maintain 坚持认为，保持友好关系majority 在..中的主体manifestation 有证据表明,清楚的表明manipulate 操纵、控制、影响（某人）manual 手动的，手制的manufacture 虚构、捏造，用机器大量制造某物marble 大理石，象大理石的marginally 稍微的marine 海中的，海运的masquerading 假装的，伪装的mass 在..中大多数的,众多massive 巨大的,众多的masterpiece 杰作,(尤指)名著maximum 最大量的体积、强度等medical （正规）医疗的；内科的mediocre 第二流的，不太好的melt 使融化memorandum 记录，备忘录，协议书mental 精神的，心理的，智力的mention 提及，简述mentor （学生的）咨询顾问merchandise 商品；推销商品methodology 一套方法，方法学，方法论metropolis 大城市，首府militant 好战的，激进份子military 军事的；军队minimize 最小化misconception 误解misjudge 错误判断mislead 误导mission 派往国外的（执行政治任务的）团体，任务modification 改善，修改，缓和modify 使缓和，使改善molecule 分子monitor 监视，监听；持续的观察monster 怪物mood 心境，情绪moreover 再说，进一步而言mud 烂泥；毁坏（别人的名誉）muggy （尤指天气）闷热、潮湿；闷人的multiple 多种、多项、多类型的mundane 平凡的，平淡的murky 阴暗的，昏暗的muscle 肌肉，（操纵他人的）能量mystery 神秘的事物，秘密myth 神话，虚构的事物 N (11)naïve 自然天真的，不做作的negative 反(比例)的, 消极的negligible 微不足道的,不重要的negotiate 商谈,谈判nevertheless 虽然如此,然而,依然nicotine 尼古汀notion 观念,信念,概念notorious 臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的nuance (意义、颜色、感觉等)的细微差异nuclear 核的，原子核的numerous 数不清的 O (25)obvious 明显的occasionally 偶尔的occupation 职业，业余活动（尤指消遣）occupy 占据；忙于做某事occur 出现，呈现出offset 补偿或抵消某事物offshore 近海的，离岸的off-spring 后代opponent 对手，反对者opportunity 机会optimism 最佳的，最适合的，最有利的option 选择权，选择organism 有机组织，有机体系；生物体origin 起点，开端outcome 结果outgoing 好交际的，外向的output 输出，产量outstanding 杰出的，著名的outward 言溢于表的，显露出的overall 整体的overload 过载的overseas 国际的，海外的，留学生的overstaff 超编的overwhelm 压倒多数的oxygen 氧，氧气 P (102)pace 步伐，节奏pacify 使（某人）安静，抚慰package 包裹panel 控制板，仪表盘；与听观众一同进行智力竞赛或讨论的一组人paradox 反语；有矛盾特点的人或事物parallel 排比，反复强调paralysis 麻痹，瘫痪parking lot 停车场particle 粒子，微粒particular 尤其；细节particulate 使具体passive 被动的pasture 牧场，草原patent 显著的；专利书pattern 方式，类型peak 顶端penalty 刑罚，处罚pension 退休金，养老金，抚恤金per se 本身，本质percentage 百分数perception 感知能力，认识能力performance 行为，能力，表现periodically 定期的，周期的periscope 潜望镜permanent 永久的permeate 弥漫，充满，遍布perpetual 永恒的；反复的，不间断的perplex 复杂的perquisite 津贴，额外收入；好处，特权persistent 不屈不挠的，不间断的personality 个性personnel 全体成员pesticide 杀虫剂pessimistic 悲观的petty 小的，不重要的，琐碎的phenomena 现象physical 自然的，物理的，生理的piece together 拼合，组装某物plate （照相用的）感光底片；金属牌play a role 发挥..作用plum (报酬高的)工作poisonous 有毒的poll 民意测验;投票选举population 人口,居民process 加工,处理;工艺流程,过程pore over 钻研,审视portion 部分,(人的)命运portray 为某人画像,画某人的像positive 正(比例)的,积极的possess 控制,支配;具有(某品质)potential 潜在的practical 可操作的;实践性的precaution 预防措施predominate 盛行的,有势力的prejudiced 有偏见的,有成见的premise 前提,假定 presence 出席,在场;在场的人或物preside 在会场担任主席,主持会议press 压力;新闻界presume 假定,利用某事物prevailing 普遍的,盛行的prevalent 普遍存在的,盛行的,流行的preventable 可预防的previous 从前的,以前的previously 从前地;以前地primary 主要的primate 大主教;灵长类动物primitive 原始的,上古的principle 原理,原则prior 较前的,较重要的private 私人的procedure 程序,办事步骤proceed 前进,行进process 步骤,过程productivity 生产力,多产性proficient 精通的,熟练的profit 利润,赢利progress 进步prohibitively (价格高得)买不起的prolong 延长时间,延长痛苦prominence 突出的,显著的promotion 升迁,提倡,促进proof-reading 校对propel 推动,推进proportion 比例propose 提议,建议proposition 观点,见解,主张prospect 景色,景象;期望protest 抗议,反对(某事物);申辩,声明; 反对者prototype 原型,雏形provenance 起源,出处provide 提供provided 如果,假定pseudo 虚假的,人造的psychological 心理学的publication 出版,刊行,发表,公布puff 喷出(烟、雾)purchase 购买purple 紫色purpose 目的put forward 自荐职务，提出某话题供探讨put together 装配某物，把..组合为一体 Q (5)qualification 能力，资格证书qualified 使具备能力quantative 数量的,有关数量的quarter 中心quest 寻求,寻找 R (55)radiation 辐射,散发radical 根本的,基本的;完全的,彻底的 fundamental, essential, ramification 某复杂系统之部分,分支random 随便的,任意的range 范围react 反应reaction反应,回应recession 经济上萧条,不景气reclaim 改造,恢复或收回某事物recognition 辨认recognize 认出recommend 推荐recruit 新会员,新成员recycle 回收redundancy 人浮于事;裁员refer to 指代reference 参考refresher courses 进修课程(为老师设计的知识更新课程)refute 反驳,驳斥regime 政体,政权region 地区,范围,区域reinforce 强化,巩固release 释放;最新的发行物relevant 相关的relic 遗迹,遗俗relief (痛苦、困难的)减轻或解除rely on 依赖，依据于remarkable 与众不同的remedy 减轻痛苦；疗法reminder 使人回想起某事，提示remnant 遗民；零头render 归还;演奏,演出(尤用于被动语态);翻译某事物renewed 更新的,可延期的repetitive 重复的,反复的replica 复制品,模型represent 代表representative 代表reproduce 复制(图画),再现某事物的形象;(人、兽、昆虫等)生殖repute –be reputed to 被公认为request (口头或书面的)要求;(尤指)请求resemble 相似,像..一样residence 官邸,房子(尤指)大宅respect(n) 尊敬,承认,维护respiration 呼吸,(植物的)呼吸respondent 被告restrict 受限制retain 保持,保留(某物)retard 使(某物)放慢或迟缓reverse 相反的,未料道的;反面revolutionize 使发生根本性的或巨大的变化rigorously 严格地,精确地riot 暴乱,暴动ritual 仪式,固定方式,老习惯rotary (指运动)旋转的,(指机器、发动机等)转动的rotate （使某物）旋转或转动 S (101)safeguard 安全设施，保护性措施sample 样品，货样，赠样sanitary 清洁的，卫生的，保健的sanitation 卫生系统或设备（尤指下水道设备）savvy 常识，理解；理解，知道scenario （电影、戏剧的）脚本，想象中未来事物的顺序scene （实际或想象中的）想象地点；景色，景象skeptical 持怀疑态度的人scheme 计划，方案；策划，谋划scope （做某事物的）能力，余地；（处理、研究事物的）范围scores of 许多scrap 擦净，削平secondary 第二的，次要的，从属的section 部分，部门，款，项sector 部门，（尤指）经济领域secure 安全的，确切的，可靠的segment 可分出的部分sensitive 喜爱的，敏感的separate 使分隔sequence 有持续的事情、数字、行动等settlement 解决，处理；殖民（过程）settler 殖民者shatter 粉碎，使（某人）精疲力竭shortlist 将某人列入决选名单shrink 收缩，退缩shuffle 重新组合，推卸责任sick leave 病假条sift out 筛分某物significant （非常）重要的，有意义的simplicity 简单，朴素simplify 简化skew 歪、斜、偏sliding 滑动的slogan 标语，口号slope 倾斜，有坡度slum 小巷，贫民区smoulder （无火焰）慢慢燃烧soak 吸收（某物），浸泡solution 解决方案sophisticated 复杂的，老练的sort 分类，整理，解决问题；类别spark 直接导致（尤指坏事），引发某事spasmodic 一阵阵的，时断时续的spectacular 壮观的，精彩的speculate on 思索，推断，推测speech 讲话，发言，演讲sponge 海绵；用海绵清洗spouse 配偶squabble 大声争吵squeeze挤出，榨出stabilize （使某人）变得沉稳；稳定装置stack 大量的staff 全体工作人员stage 舞台，举办stagnant 停滞的， 不景气的standardize 使标准化，合乎规格staple 主要的，标准的；主要产品startling 令人震惊的，惊人的stash 隐藏statistical 统计的，统计学的，以数据表示的status 地位，身份，职位status quo 现状，原来的状况steam 冒水汽stick 粘，坚持stiff 坚硬的，僵直的stimulation 刺激性的，激励性的stimuli 刺激物，促进因素stir 搅拌strategy 策略；针对性措施streamline 使某物效率更高strikingly 吸引人地strip 狭长的（材料、土地等），（足球队员的）运动服stuff （用某物）塞满某物style 风格，作风；设计式样submerge 淹没，遮住subordinate 职位或级别较低的，下级的，附属的subscribe 捐助，签字，赞同subsidiary 附属的，从属的subsidy 补贴substance 物质，主旨substantial 数目大的，可观的；实质的，基本的substitute 取代，代理；代用品 雅思写作话题词汇 一、教育类 1.adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展2.scope of knowledge知识面3.narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟4.lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担5.comprehensive knowledge广博的知识6.long-distance education远程教育7.enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段8. teaching methodology教学方法9. schooling学校教育10. parenting、upbringing家庭教育11. instill high moral values(注意：value用作复数表示价值观)灌输高尚的道德观12.impart\inculcate knowledge传授知识13.multi-media teaching多媒体教学14.solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验15.vocational education职业教育16.down-to-earth, practical切合实际的17.stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病18.enjoy equal rights享有平等权利19.receive education接受教育20.thought-provoking引人深思的21.enlightening予以人启迪的22.far-reaching深远的23.never-ending永不停息的24.perplexing令人困惑的25.overwhelming压倒一切的26.the cultural diversity文化的多性27.insightful富有洞察力的, 有深刻见解的28.exchange experience交流经验29.undertake the due obligations承担责任30.offer a chance of education提供一种教育机会31.give a big push to the development of education给予教育极大的推动32.vocational guidance职业指导33.vocational training职业训练34.face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争35.Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗36.exam-oriented education应试教育37.knowledge-intensive知识密集型的； labor-intensive劳动密集型的38.education for all-round development全面发展教育39.have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西40.develop our creative mind培养我们创造性思维41.fake diploma假文凭42.embracing the knowledge economy age拥抱知识经济时代43.renew knowledge革新知识44.people-oriented以人为本的; profit-oriented以盈利为目的的45.system of education教育体制 (compulsory education义务教育,quality education素质教育,student-oriented education以学生为主体的教育)46.keep skills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进47.widen one’s knowledge拓展知识面48.enrich one’s social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历49.realize the value of life实现生命价值50.grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能51.remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视52.improve cultural integration and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化53.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感54.promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力55.make contribution to society对社会做出贡献56.cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维（46-56可用做教育的好处、作用、影响）57.cross-cultural communication跨文化交流58.bias of culture文化偏见59.mainstream culture主流文化60.rote learning、learn things by rote死记硬背61.concentrate one’s attention on…62.cultivate，foster，nurture培养63.promote the student’s physical, mental \intellectual and emotional development促进学生身心发展64.psychological soundness\well-being心理健康65.aptitude，talent学习能力（先天）66.ability，skill学习能力（后天）67.tap one’s potential挖掘某人的潜能68.go astray误入歧途;indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief不遵守纪律;disruptive students、unruly students违反纪律的学生;commit crimes犯罪69.applied sciences应用学科; basic sciences基础科学;humanities人文学科;social sciences社会学科;liberal studies、arts文科;sciences理科;engineering工科70.theoretical knowledge理论知识;practical knowledge实践知识71.university education、college education、higher education further education、tertiary education大学教育;vocational education\training、 on-the-job training职业教育;primary-level education小学教育;secondary-level education中学教育72.youths、youngsters、adolescents青少年73.develop linguistic skills培养语言技能74.verbal communication口头交流75.grammatical rules语法规则76.context语境77.core核心78.translation笔译79.interpretation口译80.a complex progress一个复杂过程81.cream精华82.obscure晦涩的83.readability朗朗上口84.an unrealistic dream一个不切实际的梦想85.comprehensive knowledge全面的知识86.communicate with others directly, and freely与他人直接自由交流87.face-to-face communication面对面交流88.stimulate one’s interest激发了…的兴趣89.artificial intelligence人工智能90.increase efficiency提高效率91.easy accessibility易于操作92.make astounding advances突飞猛进93.enrich the teaching and learning methods丰富了教学手段94.expertise专业知识95.flourishing繁荣兴旺的96.speedy communication快速的交流97.read between the lines读懂暗含的意思98.language acquisition语言习得99.term术语100.implication含义101.be fully aware of…充分意识到…102.optimistic乐观的103.pessimistic悲观的104.drawback弊端105.precious gift宝贵的礼物106.linguist语言学家107.mission impossible不可能的任务 二、工作生活与意识形态 1.the tempo\pace of life has increased生活节奏加速2.social settings社会环境3.religious belief宗教信仰4.educational level教育程度5.life stages人生的阶段6.sedentary lifestyle缺少运动的生活方式7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle高压力和快节奏的生活方式8.poor time and money management金钱和时间管理不当9.juggle work and family commitment不能同时兼顾家庭和工作10.unrealistic expectation不切实际的期待11.nurture a good state of mind养成良好的心态12.block out worries争取减少忧虑13.balance work and family平衡工作和生活14.turn to others for help寻求帮助15.resolve conflicts with other people处理好和他人的矛盾16.release yourself from daily stresses with group sports, social events and hobbies通过体育、社交活动或者业余爱好来摆脱压力17.a means of self-expression自我表达的一种方式18.follow blindly盲目追求19.dwell too much on what others think失去了自己的喜好和判断20.reflect one’s personality and likes表现个人的性格和喜好21.allow people to try on many roles in life让人们在生活中体验不同角色22.diversity and variety of the world in which we live 使世界更加丰富多彩23.root in daily life源于生活24.over nourishment营养过剩25.create alienation between people导致人与人之间的疏远26.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic过于功利的27.pursue maximum profit追求最大限度利润28.poverty alleviation扶贫29.job opportunity、employment opportunity就业机会30.promotion opportunity提升机会31.switching jobs、job-hopping换工作\跳槽32.acquire a wide array of skills发展多种技能33.take on new challenges and seize opportunities接受挑战、把握机会34.job security工作稳定35.basic pay基本收入36.lack of self-motivation缺乏动力37.directionless\aimless没有目标38.egoism利己主义39.altruism利他主义40.individualism个人主义41.communalism、collectivism集体主义42.do what is in one’s own self-interest每个人都又权力做符合自己利益的事情43.hinder one’s pursuit of self-development ,excellence and creativity阻碍寻求自我发展、突出自己和创造性的动力44.focus on contemporary life现代生活45.soothe the soul平缓情绪46.utilised as a form of propaganda用做一种宣传手段47.promote popular morale提高士气48.enrich cultural life丰富文化生活49.enhance the quality of life提高生活质量50.attract criticism ,arouse hostility and cause conflict引起批评、激化敌意并导致冲突51.conform the existing rules 墨守成规52.satisfied with material comforts满足于物质53.spiritual needs精神享受54.achieve a balance between work and pleasure劳逸结合55.good rapport with coworkers, peers and superiors好的同事、同伴、上司56.time-conscious people时间观念很强的人57.impoverished、poverty-stricken、destitute、indigent 贫穷的58.affluent、wealthy、well-off富裕的59.urban城市的 rural乡村的60.urbanization城市化61.the disparity between the city and the countryside城乡差距62.relocate搬迁63.telecommute在家上班64.leisure、recreation、amusement、entertainment 休闲、娱乐65.laissez-faire management 宽松的管理66.operating costs、overhead costs 运营成本67.labor pool劳动力资源68.depression 抑郁症69.sleeplessness、sleep-deprivation、insomnia失眠症70.population explosion、population boom人口爆炸71.family planning、birth control控制人口72.gender equality两性平等73.gender discrimination、sexism 性别歧视74.a progressive\enlightening society一个开明的社会75.be tied down by household chores被家务事拖累76.child bearing生育孩子77.child rearing 抚养孩子78.elderly people、senior citizens老年人79.family bonds\ties家庭成员间的情感纽带80.a sense of belonging 归属感81.single-parent family单亲家庭82.mistreat、abuse虐待83.domestic\family violence 家庭暴力 三、环境与动物保护 1.ecosystem\ecological system 生态系统2.cological balance\equilibrium生态平衡3.sustainable development可持续发展4.biodiversity生物的多样性5.environmentalists\conservationists环保主义者 animal right activists动物权益保护主义者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的7.conservation节约8.recycle\reuse (v.) 再利用9.advocate the management of resources倡导资源管理10.benefit from从中受益11.enhance\elevate\raise the public awareness of … 增强公众的……意识12.put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议13.play a major role in easing … 在缓解……上扮演了重要角色14.shortage\scarcity\dearth\lack（n.）短缺15.participate in the reconstruction of the city参与城市重建16.raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平17.create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境18.give priority to优先19.catch much attention引起很大20.deforestation (n.)砍伐森林forestation project造林工程afforested areas; greening space绿化面积 forest coverage森林覆盖率 wind breaks防风林sand breaks防沙林21.greenhouse effect、 global warming温室效应22.discharge effluent\sewage 排放污水23.non-biodegradable garbage、 wastes that can not decompose or break down、inorganic trash白色污染产生的垃圾throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋24.infertile soil贫瘠的土壤25.fertile soil肥沃的土壤26.arable land 、farmland 耕地27.pollute\contaminate (v.) 污染28.poisonous\toxic (adj.) 有毒的29.renewable resources可再生资源30.non-renewable resources不可再生资源31.consume\deplete (v.)消耗 (某种资源)32.use up\exhaust （v.）用尽 (某种资源)33.harsh measures\actions严厉措施34.condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容35.resource allocation资源配置36.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设37.reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆38.implement strict vehicle emission standards制定严格的汽车排放标准39.reduce waste减少浪费40.eliminate poverty and backwardness消除贫穷与落后41.prevent and control pollution预防和控制污染42.reinforce the conservation of water and soil加强水土保护43.keep ecological balance维护生态平衡44.adopt environmental protection technique采取环保技术45.create a healthy cultural environment创造出一种更加健康的文化氛围46.strengthen the regulation and monitoring加强监督和管理47.enhance the governmental intrusion加大政府干预性措施48.promote legislative regulations促进立法管理49.establish and perfect the social security system建立和完善社会的安全体系50.give special care to给某人或某物特别的关照51.map out (work out) a blueprint of …制定出…的发展蓝图52.impose some restrictions on对…实施限制53.increase the inputs in …加大对…的投入54.arouse people’s awareness of唤醒人们的…意识55.take some preventive (remedial) measures采取一些预防（补救）措施56.enforce on-the-spot penalties采取立即惩罚性措施57.play the role of media充分的发挥媒体的作用58.take proper guidance and support采取恰当的引导和支持59.impose heavier penalty on对…实施严格的惩罚60.set down effective laws制定积极有效的法律61.urban planning 城市规划62.result in shortage of energy and natural resources导致了能源和自然资源的短缺63.break the ecological balance破坏了生态的平衡64.be harmful to our physical and mental health对我们的身心健康有害65.contaminate the environment污染环境66.promote the sustainable development of the city促进城市的可持续性发展67.greenhouse effect温室效应68.strengthen pollution control加强污染控制69.popularize environmental protection knowledge普及环保知识70.burning迫在眉睫的71.environmental degradation环境恶化72.at the cost of environment以环境污染为代价73.uncontrolled urbanization城市化失控74.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission汽车尾气排放75.exhaust purifier尾气净化器76.urban refuse城市垃圾77.protect …from overexploitation防止过度开发 78.conservation of water and soil水土保持 79.lead-free gasoline无铅汽油 80.gas-fueled vehicles天然气汽车 81.cell-driven vehicles; battery cars电动汽车 82.combat desertification防治荒漠化 83.curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control治理环境污染 84.industrial solid wastes工业固体废物85.organic pollutions有机污染物86.environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture生态农业 87.water resource conservation zone水资源保护区 88.slow down the rate of resource degradation降低资源消耗率 89.develop renewable resources开发可再生资源 90.establish nature reserve建立自然保护区91.endangered wildlife濒危野生动物92.medical research医学研究93.cruel\merciless\inhuman\callous\brutal残忍的94.vivisection活体解剖95.ease\alleviate\relieve animals’ pain减轻动物的痛苦96.pets are their masters’ companions宠物是主人的伙伴97.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰 四、科技 1. scientific invention科学发明2. exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响3. double-edged sword 双刃剑4. cutting-edge technology尖端科技5. pave the way for the future development为未来的发展铺平道路6. lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础7. information explosion\overload信息爆炸8. depletion of resources能源消耗9. milestone里程碑10. sophisticated equipment尖端设备11. technical innovation 科技创新12.the information age\era信息时代13. antithetical与…背道而驰的14. over-commercialized过渡商业化的15. enhance\augment\boost the efficiency提高效率16. the proliferation of Internet 互联网的广泛使用17. technological innovations科技创新及发展18. labor-saving省力的 labor-replacing代替人力的19. automatic自动的 automation 自动化20. biotechnology 生物技术21. speedy and comfortable既快捷又舒适22. opposite forces负面影响23. a fatal breakdown致命故障24. potential hazards潜在危险25. pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁26. promote relative industries促进相关产业发展27. accelerate加速…28. means of transportation交通方式29. transportation tools交通工具30. social status社会地位31. environmentally-friendly resources环保的能源32. make people’s life easier使人们生活更方便33. alternative fuel可替代燃料34. sustainable development可持续性发展35. scientific exploration科学探索36. air travel航空旅行37. ridiculous可笑的38. absurd荒唐的39. substitute 取代40. overcome difficulties克服困难41. make progress取得进步42. a sense of national pride民族自豪感43. unprecedented前所未有的44. soaring不断上升的45. give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展46. see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展47. aggravate使恶化48. optimize优化49. cure-all solution万能良药50. automobile industry汽车工业51. boost the economic development促进经济发展52. levy the tax征税53. modernization现代化54. be viewed as …被视为是…55. be concerned about …对…担忧/…56. pollution-free fuel无污染燃料57. luxury奢侈品58. chronic lead poisoning慢性铅中毒59. fill… with …使…充斥着60. popularization of cars汽车普及61. lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…62. observe traffic regulations遵守交通规则63. break traffic regulations违反交通规则64. get stuck in traffic遇上堵车65. rush hour上下班高峰时间66. ease the traffic pressure缓解交通压力67. pedestrian 行人68. pavement人行道69. zebra crossing斑马线70. over speed超速行驶71. bottleneck交通堵塞地区72. settle down effective laws制定出积极有效的法律73. Impose restrictions on …对…实施限制74. short-sighted目光短浅的75. non-renewable resources不可再生资源76.telecommunications远程通信77. a pillar industry支柱产业78. make full use of …充分利用79. road networks公路网80. speed limits限速81. enhance the quality of life提高生活质量82. pay a heavy price付出惨痛的代价83. promote the development of relative industries促进相关产业发展84. traffic engineering交通运输工程85. the number of car ownership汽车拥有量86. call for …需要…87. overcrowded过度拥挤的88. violator 违规者89. headache令人头痛的事90. traffic accidents交通事故91. head-way进展92. conflict with …与…相冲突93. major cause主要原因94. be replaced by …被…所取代95. provide convenience for …为…提供便利96. curb 限制…97. dilemma进退两难98. encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事99. energy-saving节能的100. marketable products畅销产品101. potential market潜在市场102. in view of考虑到103. be tempted into an unhealthy lifestyle.过上一种不健康的生活方式104. jump into our sight映入眼帘105. fake and exaggerated information虚假信息106. be deceptive and misleading具有欺骗性和误导性107. high-tech products高科技产品108. perfect services完善服务109. in all walks of life在各行各业 五、犯罪类 1.commit a crime犯罪2.break\violate\flout\disobey the law触犯法律3.offence、crimes、criminal acts罪行4.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator罪犯5.accomplice、accessory从犯6.resent society、hold a grudge against society憎恨社会7.victims受害者8.trauma 心理创伤9.prison监狱10.cell牢房11.imprison\incarcerate someone监禁12.be brought to justice被绳之以法13.reform\rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯14.law enforcement agencies执法部门15.heinous\flagitious crime、felony重罪16.petty crime轻罪17.first-time offenders初犯者18.hardened offenders惯犯19.revert to crime再次犯罪20.track down 、 hunt down、 capture抓捕21.abide by the law 、comply with the law遵守法律22.law-abiding citizens守法公民23.boost the sense of safety增强安全意识24.reinforce the police force and increase patrol增强警力和巡逻25.miscarriges of justice执法不公26.deterrent effect震慑作用27.a sign of the triumph of good over evil正义战胜邪恶象征28.being closely monitored 受到严格监控29.fear of reprisal担心报复的心理30.restrict freedom限制自由31.invade privacy侵犯隐私32.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime提高人们对于犯罪的警惕33.robbery 抢劫34.hijack绑架35.rape强奸36.shoplift商店偷窃(shoplifter商店偷窃37.smuggle走私38.drug-trafficking贩毒（traffic交易）39.arson放火罪40.offenses of homicide\murder杀人罪41.crime of intentional injury\assault故意伤害罪 六、文化与旅游 1.tourist attractions、tourist spots、places of interest旅游景点2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers、ancestors祖先4.descendants后代5.ethnic minorities少数民族6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races民族团结7.cultural diversity文化融合8.interaction互相影响9.cultural diversity文化多性10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality狭隘的观念11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of贬低12. push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons开阔眼界13.promote cultural communication促进文化交流14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引15.first-hand experience亲身体验second-hand experience/vicarious experience间接体验16.multi-sensory多种感官体验的17.conflict冲突18.discord/dissension争端19.isolate the tourist from the locals把游客和当地人隔离20.commercialize商业化21.cultural heritage文化遗产22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes互联网不会让旅游业过时 七、媒体类 1.current affairs时事2.the press时事3.the print media时印刷机构4.news outlets报道的新闻机构5.the electronic media电子媒体6.prevalent、ubiquitous、 pervasive无处不在的7.be awash with ; be inundate with; be saturated with充斥着8.censor审查9.delete、eliminate、excise删除10.excessive(gratuitous) violent and pornographic contents过多的暴力与色情内容11.misleading、misrepresented、distorted有误导性的12. fraudulent诈骗性的13.false、bogus虚假的14.report sth. in graphic detail报道非常详尽的新界15.media hype 媒体炒作16.exaggerate \sensationalize things; blow things out of all proportions 夸大事件17.objective and balanced公正客观的18.expose、 reveal揭露19.violate (intrude on/infringe on)侵犯隐私20.tarnish(sully/smear/besmirch) one’s reputation毁坏某人的名誉21.paparazzi(单复同体)狗仔队22.celebrity名人23.scandals丑闻24.cover up; gloss over; whitewash掩盖25.blassed;skewed;unobjective不客观的26.factual accounts如实地描述27.reliable;trustworthy;dependable可信的28.up-to-date;up-to-the-minute及时的29.informative信息量大的30.entertaining娱乐性强的31.newsworthy有新闻价值的32.code of ethics/conduct道德准则33.head news头条新闻34.sofe news娱乐新闻35.sporting news体育新闻36.healthy express健康快讯37.celebrity anecdote 名人逸事38.cater the audience 迎合观众39.give an exaggerated account of an issue夸大其词40.market-driven,obedient to market demands以市场为中心41.entertain consumers娱乐消费者42.lose respect for the privacy of people对别人的隐私不够尊重43.public service advertising, non-commercial advertising公益广告44.advertising breaks广告时间45.广告的优点：disseminate\propagate\populate market information传播市场信息inform consumers of new products介绍新产品encourage competition in quality an product innovation鼓励质量上的竞争和产品革新enrich the consumers lives and improve living standards丰富消费者的生活，提高生活质量enable greater volumes to be sold and promote economic development促进产品的销量和经济的发展46.广告的缺点：add to the cost of every product由于广告费的原因，广告会增加商品的价格claims or visual images that directly or indirectly mislead the consumers广告的语言和图像会直接或者间接误导观众abuse the consumers’ trust ,exploit their lack of experience or knowledge to manipulate them 滥用消费者的信任，利用他们缺少相关经验和知识的特点去诱导他们购买对自己无用的产品dispose of excess production广告很多时候就是帮助解决滞销产品 八、经济类 1.saving 储蓄2.investment 投资3.expenditure 支出 花费4.capital 资本资金资产5.currency 通货通用 市价6.denomination （种类、数值、大小）的单位7.demand 需求 、需求量8.supply 补给、供给、供应品9.purchase购买10.inflation通货膨胀11.deflation通货紧缩12.monetary货币的金钱的13.microeconomics微观经济学14.macroeconomics宏观经济学15.consume消费消耗16.distribution分配、分发、配给物17.durability经久、耐久力18.nominal 名义上的、近似的、大约的19.taxation 课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额20.externality 外部因素、可能影响行动进程的偶然条件21.asymmetric不均匀的 不对衬的22.fluctuate 变动波动涨落23.trademark商标24.copyright版权 著作权25.brand 商标牌子26.appreciation增值27.depreciation 贬值28.depression 萧条 不景气29.discount折扣30.entrepreneur企业家主办人31.fiscal财政的 国库的 会计的32.insurance 保险 保险单 保险业 保险费33.futures 期货34.financial财政的 金融的35.equilibrium平衡、均衡36.hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀37.profitability收益性 收益率38.stock股本股票股份39.tariff关税关税表40.quota配额限额41.surplus剩余 过剩42.merchandise商品货物43.commerce商业44.account计算账目45.transaction交易 事务 处理事务 九、政府类 1.unemployment；joblessness失业2.infrastructure基础设施3.social security 社会保障4.medical care system医疗保健5.public transportation公共交通6.public service公共服务7.essential sectors关键行业8.non-essential sectors非紧要行业9.private sector 私人企业10.general interest公众利益11.welfare福利12.financial assistance经济援助13.shake off\get rid of poverty摆脱贫穷14.authorities当局15.citizens; the citizenry老百姓16.regulate;administe;oversee规范，管理17.implement实施18.legislate; make laws立法19.strictly prohibit; ban altogether严禁20.stringent laws/legislation严格的法律21.scrutiny (n.); scrutinize (v.) monitor (v.) 监督22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of; invest in; fund; dedicate money to sth.为……拨款23.budget (n.) 预算24.tax revenue税收25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府开支26.curtail削减27.augment增加28.give priority to sth.把当作当务之急29.responsibility; obligation责任30.arms race军备竞赛31.self-defense自卫32.national security; homeland security国土安全33.short-sighted policy缺乏远见的政策34.expansion (n.) aggression (n.)扩张35.seek\pursue hegemony谋求霸权36.a vicious circle恶性循环37.destabilizing factors地区不稳定因素38.rules and regulations规章制度39.space race太空竞赛40.arms (n.) weapons (n.) armaments (n.) 武器41.laid-off workers; downsized workers下岗工人42.power grid电网43.democratic民主的 democracy民主44.民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government 十、社会类 1. urbanization 城市化 2. centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 http://4.in the long run 从长远角度而言 5.infrastructure 基础设施 6.booming 繁荣发展的 7.tertiary industry 第三产业 8.tranquility 宁静 9.revenue 税收 10.commercialization 商业化 11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺 13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化 15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业 17.wealth distribution 财富分配 18.social instability 社会动荡 19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升 22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活 25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用 27.pastoral life 田园生活 28.class polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利 30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张 32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上… 36.melting pot 熔炉 37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributable to … 归因为… 42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民 45.be confronted with… 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 恶性循环 48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to … 优先考虑… 50.city plan 城市规 附：写作同义词替换精髓词汇 1.important=crucial =significant=vital=essential=critical=fatal=concernful=necessary 2.common=universal=ubiquitous=general=widely 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people’s needs and wants)=sufficient 4.stick=adhere=cling(hold on something tightly) =insist=persist 5.neglect=ignore=overlook=elide=lose sight of sth.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other)=adjoin(the same as adjacent) =close to 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.)=chase=aspire 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure=dim=indistinct=fuzzy 10.top=peak=summit=acme 11.competitor=rival=opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)=make illegal=abuse=censure=denounce=curse=imprecate13.opinion=perspective=standpoint=idea=viewpoint=point of view 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation=distinction 15.build=erect=establish=found humble pie 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) =put sb. to shame 17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) =murmur at 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)=lighten=ease=remit 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something he does not want to), compel=enforce=impel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)=expansion=amplify=broaden 22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details )=complicated=sophisticated 23. lonely=solitary=lonesome=single 24.small=minuscule(very small), minute, 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment=commend 26.hard-working=industry=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly) 27.difficult=tough=bump=rub=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren=infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle=vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 30.show=demonstrate=illustrate=prove=indicate =discover=find(to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.) 31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent)=colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous=giant=huge=enormous=gigantic 32.avoid=shun=escape=prevent=hide from 33.fair=impartial=just=equitable=detached 34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)=offend 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)disagreeable=disgusting=hate 36.ruin=damage=break=devastate=destroy=wreck=decay=ravage 37.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often) 38.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish) 39.always=invariably=often=usually= frequently 40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree), astonish(the same as astound) 42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm) 43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)=silent=calm 44.expensive=high price=can’t be affordable=exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be) 45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive) 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) =senseless=uninteresting=disappointed 47.respect=esteem=honor 48.worry=fret=apprehensive(if you fret about something, you worry about it) 49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)=freeze 50.hot=boiling(very hot) 51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people’s safety and health) 52.nowadays=currently 53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive; 54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing) 55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of) 56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something) 57.obvious=apparent, manifest 58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily) 60.quite=fairly 61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing) 62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest) 63.appear=emerge(come into existence) 64.whole=entire(the whole of something) 65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! 66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct) 67.difficult=formidable 68.change=convert(change into another form) 69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something) 70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible) 71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability) 72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people) 73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 74.use= utilize (the same as use) 75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.) 76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction) 77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 78.scholarship=fellowship 79.angry=enraged(extremely angry) 80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell) 81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)# 82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal) 83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) 84.disorder=disarray, chaos 85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way) 86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly) 87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual) 88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL) 89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/ 90.sharp=acute(severe and intense) 91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^ 92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it) 93.method=avenue(away of getting something done) 94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) 95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/ 97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 98.so=consequently, accordingly
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