英语语音及发音规则 1、基本概念音又称母音,音是在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。英语中的音字母有 a, e, i, o, u 五个。长音:a:、i:、u:、:、:短音:、i、u、æ、e、双音:ei、ai、i、u、au、i、e、u辅音辅音:又叫子音,是指气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍而形成的音。清辅音发音时声带不震动的音叫清辅音。浊辅音:发音时声带震动的音。清辅音:p、t、k、f、s、h、t、ts、tr浊辅音:b、d、g、v、ð、z、r、d、dz、dr半音:j、w鼻音:m、n、边音:l开音节广义上绝对开音节:以音字母结尾的音节,比如pie, bee, pi, he这些都是开音 2、节。狭义上的绝对开音节就是由单个音字母结尾:比如me, hi等,这时候音字母发字母本来音。这不但适用于如me这样的单音节词中,也适用于狭义绝对开音节在双音节和多音节词中重读时,比如pilot中pi就属于这种情况,因此这个音节中的音字母就发字母i的本来音a。以发音的音字母结尾的重读音节。例如:be,no,’ba-by,’stu-dent,’se-cret,hi等。闭音节广义闭音节:所有以辅音字母结尾的音节(r, w, y 除外),比如: meet,height,met,hit这些都是闭音节。狭义闭音节是由“单个的音字母+辅音字母”结尾,比如: 3、 met,hit这时候音字母的发音短促干脆。辅音浊化/p/b/: sport, explain, speed, spring, spit, speak /t/d/: star, style, stop, student, stone, station, store, stay, instead, stupid, history/k/g/: sky, Skype, square, school, scary, skill, score/tr/dr/: strike, stream1.浊化的规则:S后的清辅音(surd)在重读时要读成其相对的浊辅音(sonant),例如student, 4、如果S后跟的清辅音不重读,如district,则依然读成清辅音。2.当/p/ /t/ /k/在两个音(注意,是音不是音字母)中间时,发音时候,需要浊化。 例如:open,音标为/oup*n/ , *表示我打字打不出来的那个音标,是个音啦,这个时候,/p/就要浊化为/b/发音时候发/oub*n/。 其他两个也是同样道理,在两音之间清辅音浊化。3. 清辅音浊化只是一种发音现象,不是规则。总的发音规则只有一条:按照字典里的注音读,要怎么变化就按地道英语的习惯。4. S 后面的清辅音被浊化,只是清辅音浊化的一小部分,很多时候不用加 S 也可能被浊化。 如water, ha 5、ppy, meeting, walking等等5. 也有例外的,不要说它不符合规则,因为本来就没有规则,硬要定规则的话就行不通。基本发音a/æ/h/h/o/u/u/b/b/iJ/i/p/p/v/v/c/k/J/d/q/kw/w/w/d/d/Kll/k/r/r/x/ks/e/e/l/l/s/s/y/j/f/f/m/m/t/t/z/z/g/g/n/n/音字母读音例子a开音节一般情况读字母本身的发音/ei/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake 闭音节一般情况/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back 后面为st,ss,th时/:/ Fast, ba 6、ss, bath在/w/音后面/want,what,watch,wash,quality在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father在非重读音节中的读音/China,another,woman,breakfast 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音/e/operatee开音节一般情况读字母本身的发音/i:/he,these,me,Chinese 闭音节/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg 在非重读音节中的读音/hundred,student,open,weekend,chick 7、en,childreni开音节一般情况读字母本身的发音/a/bike,drive,time,nice,kite 闭音节/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim 在-nd,-ld和gh前/a/find,child,light,high在非重读音节中的读音1)/holiday,beautiful,family,animal在非重读音节中的读音2)/a/exercise,satelliteo开音节一般情况读字母本身的发音/those,close,go,hoe,home,no 闭音节/clock,not,box,shop,sock在-st,-ld前/most,postcard,old 8、,cold在m,n,v,th前/come,monkey,love,mother在非重读音节中的读音1)/second,tonight,somebody,welcome在非重读音节中的读音2)/also,zero,photou开音节一般情况读字母本身的发音/ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、 dr后面时/u:/June,blue,ruler,true闭音节/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch在非重读音节中的读音1)/autumn,difficult在非重读音节中的读音2)/ju:/popular,congra 9、tulation,January音字母组合ar /:/car,farm,dark,sharpener 在/w/音后面/:/warm,quarter,towards or /:/forty morning short /:/word worker worse er,ir,ur 辅音字母r双写时,前面的音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday certainly bird Thursdayare/e/care,dare, 10、hareere/here,mereire/a/fire,hire,wireore /:/more,score,beforeure/j/pure,cure-re/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetreare,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/音,例如:picture,pleasure。 重读音字母加r,再加非重读字组时,重读音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。 另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange,ve 11、ry,American,paragraph。音字组在重读音节中的读音ai,ay/e/afraid,rain,wait,day,playair/e/air,hair,chair,pair,repairal在l,k前/:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk, /:l/always,also,salt,almost 在f,m前/:/half,calm au,aw/:/autumn,daughter,drawea/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please /e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather /e/break,great ear/hear, 12、dear,near,clear,year /e/bear,pear,wear,swear /:/earth,learn,early ee/i:/jeep,week,green,threeeer/pioneer,deer,beer ei,ey/e/eight,neighbour,they /i:/seize,keyeu,ew在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel /ju:/ new,few,newspaper ie,ei/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receiveoa/coat,Joan,boat,goaloar,oor/:/roar,board 13、,door,flooroi,oy/noise,point,boy,toiletoo/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo /book,look,cook,foot,good, footballou,ow/a/flower,house,count,down /know,row,throw,though /young,country,enough /u:/group,soupour/:/ course,your,four /a/our,hour,sour /:/journey oul /would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)ui在j,l,r,s后/u 14、:/fluid,suicide,tuition /u:/juice,fruit,suit非重读音节中音字组和字群的读音:注:音字组在非重读音节中通常读/音或/音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,ai,ay,ei,ey /foreign,monkeyow/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow-sion,-tion/n/impression,nation 在音字母后/n/vision,decision,occasion -tion在s后/tn/question,suggestion -isle/al/aisle, Carlisle-sten/sn/ 15、listen-stle/sl/whistle -sure/pleasure,measure-ture/t/picture,culture 辅音字母例子b/b/ bike,bus,bag/不发/bomb,tombc在e前或在i,y前face,decide,cinema,bicycle其他情况cake,picture,coat,music/t/cello、concerto ch/t/much,chick,rich,teacher /k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)-ck/cqkcock,poc 16、ket,black,knock,checqueczt Czech d/d/doctor,bread,hand,day-dg(e) /d/bridge,fridge dr-/dr/children,driver,drinkds/dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)f/f/five,four,breakfast/v/ofg/g/bag,garden,go在e,i,y之前一般读作/d/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giante,i,y之前少数情况下读/genre,massagegh/f/cough,enough/不发/light,daughter, 17、highgu-,-gue/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)/gw/language,anguishh/h/hot,head,house,hand/不发/hour,honestj/d/jeep,jar,joke,join,June/Jacques(用于法国人名)/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)k/k/kind,bike,skate,make,weekkn-/n/knife,know,knockl/l/life,lead,lot(出现在音前面)/milk,school,tall出现在音后面。可以出现在辅音前,也可出现在辅音后(词尾)m/m/monk 18、ey,come-mn/m/autumn,column,solemnn/n/not,shine,ten,note在/k/、/g/音前/uncle,thank,hungry-ng/morning,young,wrongp/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,penph/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graphq/k/Irasigusoftu-/kw/quality,quiter/r/red,rubber,rulerrz/ Zabrze(扎布热)s在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husbandsure结构或s+i/e+音字母时读作/或/。/:ensure,Asian。/:pleasure,conclusionsc-/sk/scarlet/s/在i,e和y之前scenery,sciencesch-/schedule/英edju:l,美
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