R语言绘图基础 目录 一、R语言的基本绘图函数 1、高级绘图函数 (1)plot函数 (2)其他高级绘图函数 2、低级绘图函数 二、图形参数与图形控制 1、绘图参数 2、图形控制 3、图形颜色 (1)颜色名称 (2)颜色集合 (3) 调色板 三、页面布局与图形组合 1、用par函数布局页面 2、用layout函数布局页面 3、同时打开多个绘图窗口 一、R语言的基本绘图函数 1、高级绘图函数 (1)plot函数
表1_1 plot函数对应不同数据类型时绘制的图形函数数据类型图形plot()数值散点图plot()因子条形图plot()一组频数表条形图plot()数值、数值散点图plot()因子、因子脊形图plot()二维列联表马赛克图plot()数值、因子箱线图plot()因子、数值带状图plot()数据框散点图矩阵 (2)其他高级绘图函数 1_2高级绘图函数函数数据类型图形assocplot二维列联表关联图barplot数值向量;矩阵;列联表条形图boxplot数值向量;矩阵;数据框箱线图cdplot单一数值向量;一个对象条件密度图contour 数值、数值、数值 等高线图coplot表达式条件图curve表达式曲线dotchart数据向量;矩阵点图fourfoldplot2*2表四折图 1_2高级绘图函数—续表函数数据类型图形hist数值向量直方图image数值、数值、数值色阵图matplot数值向量;矩阵矩阵列图mosaicplot二维列联表、N维列联表马赛克图pairs矩阵;数据框矩阵散点图persp数值、数值、数值三维透视图pie非负的数值向量;列联表饼图stars 矩阵;数据框 星图stem 数值向量 茎叶图stripchart数值向量;数值向量列表带状图sunflowerplot数值向量、因子太阳花图symbols 数值、数值、数值 符号图 2、低级绘图函数 2_1Graphics包中的一些低级绘图函数函数描述abline为图形添加截距为a、斜率为b的直线arrows在坐标点(x0,y0)和(x1,y1)之间绘制线段,并在端点处添加箭头box绘制图形的边框layout布局图形页面legend在坐标点(x,y)处添加图例lines在坐标点(x,y)之间添加直线mtext在图形区域的边距或区域的外部边距添加文本points在坐标点(x,y)处添加点polygon沿着坐标点(x,y)绘制多边形polypath绘制由一个或多个连接坐标点的路径组成的多边形resterimaga绘制一个或多个网络图像rect绘制一个左下角在(xleft,ybottom)处、右下角在(xright,ytop)处的矩形rug添加地毯图segments在坐标点(x0,y0)和(x1,y1)之间绘制线段text在坐标点(x,y)处添加文本title为图形添加标题xspline根据控制点(x,y)绘制x样条曲线(平滑曲线)
二、图形参数与图形控制 1、绘图参数
2、图形控制
3、图形颜色 (1)颜色名称 [1] ‘white’ ‘aliceblue’ ‘antiquewhite’ [4] ‘antiquewhite1’ ‘antiquewhite2’ ‘antiquewhite3’ [7] ‘antiquewhite4’ ‘aquamarine’ ‘aquamarine1’ [10] ‘aquamarine2’ ‘aquamarine3’ ‘aquamarine4’ [13] ‘azure’ ‘azure1’ ‘azure2’ [16] ‘azure3’ ‘azure4’ ‘beige’ [19] ‘bisque’ ‘bisque1’ ‘bisque2’ [22] ‘bisque3’ ‘bisque4’ ‘black’ [25] ‘blanchedalmond’ ‘blue’ ‘blue1’ [28] ‘blue2’ ‘blue3’ ‘blue4’ [31] ‘blueviolet’ ‘brown’ ‘brown1’ [34] ‘brown2’ ‘brown3’ ‘brown4’ [37] ‘burlywood’ ‘burlywood1’ ‘burlywood2’ [40] ‘burlywood3’ ‘burlywood4’ ‘cadetblue’ [43] ‘cadetblue1’ ‘cadetblue2’ ‘cadetblue3’ [46] ‘cadetblue4’ ‘chartreuse’ ‘chartreuse1’ [49] ‘chartreuse2’ ‘chartreuse3’ ‘chartreuse4’ [52] ‘chocolate’ ‘chocolate1’ ‘chocolate2’ [55] ‘chocolate3’ ‘chocolate4’ ‘coral’ [58] ‘coral1’ ‘coral2’ ‘coral3’ [61] ‘coral4’ ‘cornflowerblue’ ‘cornsilk’ [64] ‘cornsilk1’ ‘cornsilk2’ ‘cornsilk3’ [67] ‘cornsilk4’ ‘cyan’ ‘cyan1’ [70] ‘cyan2’ ‘cyan3’ ‘cyan4’ [73] ‘darkblue’ ‘darkcyan’ ‘darkgoldenrod’ [76] ‘darkgoldenrod1’ ‘darkgoldenrod2’ ‘darkgoldenrod3’ [79] ‘darkgoldenrod4’ ‘darkgray’ ‘darkgreen’ [82] ‘darkgrey’ ‘darkkhaki’ ‘darkmagenta’ [85] ‘darkolivegreen’ ‘darkolivegreen1’ ‘darkolivegreen2’ [88] ‘darkolivegreen3’ ‘darkolivegreen4’ ‘darkorange’ [91] ‘darkorange1’ ‘darkorange2’ ‘darkorange3’ [94] ‘darkorange4’ ‘darkorchid’ ‘darkorchid1’ [97] ‘darkorchid2’ ‘darkorchid3’ ‘darkorchid4’ [100] ‘darkred’ ‘darksalmon’ ‘darkseagreen’ [103] ‘darkseagreen1’ ‘darkseagreen2’ ‘darkseagreen3’ [106] ‘darkseagreen4’ ‘darkslateblue’ ‘darkslategray’ [109] ‘darkslategray1’ ‘darkslategray2’ ‘darkslategray3’ [112] ‘darkslategray4’ ‘darkslategrey’ ‘darkturquoise’ [115] ‘darkviolet’ ‘deeppink’ ‘deeppink1’ [118] ‘deeppink2’ ‘deeppink3’ ‘deeppink4’ [121] ‘deepskyblue’ ‘deepskyblue1’ ‘deepskyblue2’ [124] ‘deepskyblue3’ ‘deepskyblue4’ ‘dimgray’ [127] ‘dimgrey’ ‘dodgerblue’ ‘dodgerblue1’ [130] ‘dodgerblue2’ ‘dodgerblue3’ ‘dodgerblue4’ [133] ‘firebrick’ ‘firebrick1’ ‘firebrick2’ [136] ‘firebrick3’ ‘firebrick4’ ‘floralwhite’ [139] ‘forestgreen’ ‘gainsboro’ ‘ghostwhite’ [142] ‘gold’ ‘gold1’ ‘gold2’ [145] ‘gold3’ ‘gold4’ ‘goldenrod’ [148] ‘goldenrod1’ ‘goldenrod2’ ‘goldenrod3’ [151] ‘goldenrod4’ ‘gray’ ‘gray0’ [154] ‘gray1’ ‘gray2’ ‘gray3’ [157] ‘gray4’ ‘gray5’ ‘gray6’ [160] ‘gray7’ ‘gray8’ ‘gray9’ [163] ‘gray10’ ‘gray11’ ‘gray12’ [166] ‘gray13’ ‘gray14’ ‘gray15’ [169] ‘gray16’ ‘gray17’ ‘gray18’ [172] ‘gray19’ ‘gray20’ ‘gray21’ [175] ‘gray22’ ‘gray23’ ‘gray24’ [178] ‘gray25’ ‘gray26’ ‘gray27’ [181] ‘gray28’ ‘gray29’ ‘gray30’ [184] ‘gray31’ ‘gray32’ ‘gray33’ [187] ‘gray34’ ‘gray35’ ‘gray36’ [190] ‘gray37’ ‘gray38’ ‘gray39’ [193] ‘gray40’ ‘gray41’ ‘gray42’ [196] ‘gray43’ ‘gray44’ ‘gray45’ [199] ‘gray46’ ‘gray47’ ‘gray48’ [202] ‘gray49’ ‘gray50’ ‘gray51’ [205] ‘gray52’ ‘gray53’ ‘gray54’ [208] ‘gray55’ ‘gray56’ ‘gray57’ [211] ‘gray58’ ‘gray59’ ‘gray60’ [214] ‘gray61’ ‘gray62’ ‘gray63’ [217] ‘gray64’ ‘gray65’ ‘gray66’ [220] ‘gray67’ ‘gray68’ ‘gray69’ [223] ‘gray70’ ‘gray71’ ‘gray72’ [226] ‘gray73’ ‘gray74’ ‘gray75’ [229] ‘gray76’ ‘gray77’ ‘gray78’ [232] ‘gray79’ ‘gray80’ ‘gray81’ [235] ‘gray82’ ‘gray83’ ‘gray84’ [238] ‘gray85’ ‘gray86’ ‘gray87’ [241] ‘gray88’ ‘gray89’ ‘gray90’ [244] ‘gray91’ ‘gray92’ ‘gray93’ [247] ‘gray94’ ‘gray95’ ‘gray96’ [250] ‘gray97’ ‘gray98’ ‘gray99’ [253] ‘gray100’ ‘green’ ‘green1’ [256] ‘green2’ ‘green3’ ‘green4’ [259] ‘greenyellow’ ‘grey’ ‘grey0’ [262] ‘grey1’ ‘grey2’ ‘grey3’ [265] ‘grey4’ ‘grey5’ ‘grey6’ [268] ‘grey7’ ‘grey8’ ‘grey9’ [271] ‘grey10’ ‘grey11’ ‘grey12’ [274] ‘grey13’ ‘grey14’ ‘grey15’ [277] ‘grey16’ ‘grey17’ ‘grey18’ [280] ‘grey19’ ‘grey20’ ‘grey21’ [283] ‘grey22’ ‘grey23’ ‘grey24’ [286] ‘grey25’ ‘grey26’ ‘grey27’ [289] ‘grey28’ ‘grey29’ ‘grey30’ [292] ‘grey31’ ‘grey32’ ‘grey33’ [295] ‘grey34’ ‘grey35’ ‘grey36’ [298] ‘grey37’ ‘grey38’ ‘grey39’ [301] ‘grey40’ ‘grey41’ ‘grey42’ [304] ‘grey43’ ‘grey44’ ‘grey45’ [307] ‘grey46’ ‘grey47’ ‘grey48’ [310] ‘grey49’ ‘grey50’ ‘grey51’ [313] ‘grey52’ ‘grey53’ ‘grey54’ [316] ‘grey55’ ‘grey56’ ‘grey57’ [319] ‘grey58’ ‘grey59’ ‘grey60’ [322] ‘grey61’ ‘grey62’ ‘grey63’ [325] ‘grey64’ ‘grey65’ ‘grey66’ [328] ‘grey67’ ‘grey68’ ‘grey69’ [331] ‘grey70’ ‘grey71’ ‘grey72’ [334] ‘grey73’ ‘grey74’ ‘grey75’ [337] ‘grey76’ ‘grey77’ ‘grey78’ [340] ‘grey79’ ‘grey80’ ‘grey81’ [343] ‘grey82’ ‘grey83’ ‘grey84’ [346] ‘grey85’ ‘grey86’ ‘grey87’ [349] ‘grey88’ ‘grey89’ ‘grey90’ [352] ‘grey91’ ‘grey92’ ‘grey93’ [355] ‘grey94’ ‘grey95’ ‘grey96’ [358] ‘grey97’ ‘grey98’ ‘grey99’ [361] ‘grey100’ ‘honeydew’ ‘honeydew1’ [364] ‘honeydew2’ ‘honeydew3’ ‘honeydew4’ [367] ‘hotpink’ ‘hotpink1’ ‘hotpink2’ [370] ‘hotpink3’ ‘hotpink4’ ‘indianred’ [373] ‘indianred1’ ‘indianred2’ ‘indianred3’ [376] ‘indianred4’ ‘ivory’ ‘ivory1’ [379] ‘ivory2’ ‘ivory3’ ‘ivory4’ [382] ‘khaki’ ‘khaki1’ ‘khaki2’ [385] ‘khaki3’ ‘khaki4’ ‘lavender’ [388] ‘lavenderblush’ ‘lavenderblush1’ ‘lavenderblush2’ [391] ‘lavenderblush3’ ‘lavenderblush4’ ‘lawngreen’ [394] ‘lemonchiffon’ ‘lemonchiffon1’ ‘lemonchiffon2’ [397] ‘lemonchiffon3’ ‘lemonchiffon4’ ‘lightblue’ [400] ‘lightblue1’ ‘lightblue2’ ‘lightblue3’ [403] ‘lightblue4’ ‘lightcoral’ ‘lightcyan’ [406] ‘lightcyan1’ ‘lightcyan2’ ‘lightcyan3’ [409] ‘lightcyan4’ ‘lightgoldenrod’ ‘lightgoldenrod1’ [412] ‘lightgoldenrod2’ ‘lightgoldenrod3’ ‘lightgoldenrod4’ [415] ‘lightgoldenrodyellow’ ‘lightgray’ ‘lightgreen’ [418] ‘lightgrey’ ‘lightpink’ ‘lightpink1’ [421] ‘lightpink2’ ‘lightpink3’ ‘lightpink4’ [424] ‘lightsalmon’ ‘lightsalmon1’ ‘lightsalmon2’ [427] ‘lightsalmon3’ ‘lightsalmon4’ ‘lightseagreen’ [430] ‘lightskyblue’ ‘lightskyblue1’ ‘lightskyblue2’ [433] ‘lightskyblue3’ ‘lightskyblue4’ ‘lightslateblue’ [436] ‘lightslategray’ ‘lightslategrey’ ‘lightsteelblue’ [439] ‘lightsteelblue1’ ‘lightsteelblue2’ ‘lightsteelblue3’ [442] ‘lightsteelblue4’ ‘lightyellow’ ‘lightyellow1’ [445] ‘lightyellow2’ ‘lightyellow3’ ‘lightyellow4’ [448] ‘limegreen’ ‘linen’ ‘magenta’ [451] ‘magenta1’ ‘magenta2’ ‘magenta3’ [454] ‘magenta4’ ‘maroon’ ‘maroon1’ [457] ‘maroon2’ ‘maroon3’ ‘maroon4’ [460] ‘mediumaquamarine’ ‘mediumblue’ ‘mediumorchid’ [463] ‘mediumorchid1’ ‘mediumorchid2’ ‘mediumorchid3’ [466] ‘mediumorchid4’ ‘mediumpurple’ ‘mediumpurple1’ [469] ‘mediumpurple2’ ‘mediumpurple3’ ‘mediumpurple4’ [472] ‘mediumseagreen’ ‘mediumslateblue’ ‘mediumspringgreen’ [475] ‘mediumturquoise’ ‘mediumvioletred’ ‘midnightblue’ [478] ‘mintcream’ ‘mistyrose’ ‘mistyrose1’ [481] ‘mistyrose2’ ‘mistyrose3’ ‘mistyrose4’ [484] ‘moccasin’ ‘navajowhite’ ‘navajowhite1’ [487] ‘navajowhite2’ ‘navajowhite3’ ‘navajowhite4’ [490] ‘navy’ ‘navyblue’ ‘oldlace’ [493] ‘olivedrab’ ‘olivedrab1’ ‘olivedrab2’ [496] ‘olivedrab3’ ‘olivedrab4’ ‘orange’ [499] ‘orange1’ ‘orange2’ ‘orange3’ [502] ‘orange4’ ‘orangered’ ‘orangered1’ [505] ‘orangered2’ ‘orangered3’ ‘orangered4’ [508] ‘orchid’ ‘orchid1’ ‘orchid2’ [511] ‘orchid3’ ‘orchid4’ ‘palegoldenrod’ [514] ‘palegreen’ ‘palegreen1’ ‘palegreen2’ [517] ‘palegreen3’ ‘palegreen4’ ‘paleturquoise’ [520] ‘paleturquoise1’ ‘paleturquoise2’ ‘paleturquoise3’ [523] ‘paleturquoise4’ ‘palevioletred’ ‘palevioletred1’ [526] ‘palevioletred2’ ‘palevioletred3’ ‘palevioletred4’ [529] ‘papayawhip’ ‘peachpuff’ ‘peachpuff1’ [532] ‘peachpuff2’ ‘peachpuff3’ ‘peachpuff4’ [535] ‘peru’ ‘pink’ ‘pink1’ [538] ‘pink2’ ‘pink3’ ‘pink4’ [541] ‘plum’ ‘plum1’ ‘plum2’ [544] ‘plum3’ ‘plum4’ ‘powderblue’ [547] ‘purple’ ‘purple1’ ‘purple2’ [550] ‘purple3’ ‘purple4’ ‘red’ [553] ‘red1’ ‘red2’ ‘red3’ [556] ‘red4’ ‘rosybrown’ ‘rosybrown1’ [559] ‘rosybrown2’ ‘rosybrown3’ ‘rosybrown4’ [562] ‘royalblue’ ‘royalblue1’ ‘royalblue2’ [565] ‘royalblue3’ ‘royalblue4’ ‘saddlebrown’ [568] ‘salmon’ ‘salmon1’ ‘salmon2’ [571] ‘salmon3’ ‘salmon4’ ‘sandybrown’ [574] ‘seagreen’ ‘seagreen1’ ‘seagreen2’ [577] ‘seagreen3’ ‘seagreen4’ ‘seashell’ [580] ‘seashell1’ ‘seashell2’ ‘seashell3’ [583] ‘seashell4’ ‘sienna’ ‘sienna1’ [586] ‘sienna2’ ‘sienna3’ ‘sienna4’ [589] ‘skyblue’ ‘skyblue1’ ‘skyblue2’ [592] ‘skyblue3’ ‘skyblue4’ ‘slateblue’ [595] ‘slateblue1’ ‘slateblue2’ ‘slateblue3’ [598] ‘slateblue4’ ‘slategray’ ‘slategray1’ [601] ‘slategray2’ ‘slategray3’ ‘slategray4’ [604] ‘slategrey’ ‘snow’ ‘snow1’ [607] ‘snow2’ ‘snow3’ ‘snow4’ [610] ‘springgreen’ ‘springgreen1’ ‘springgreen2’ [613] ‘springgreen3’ ‘springgreen4’ ‘steelblue’ [616] ‘steelblue1’ ‘steelblue2’ ‘steelblue3’ [619] ‘steelblue4’ ‘tan’ ‘tan1’ [622] ‘tan2’ ‘tan3’ ‘tan4’ [625] ‘thistle’ ‘thistle1’ ‘thistle2’ [628] ‘thistle3’ ‘thistle4’ ‘tomato’ [631] ‘tomato1’ ‘tomato2’ ‘tomato3’ [634] ‘tomato4’ ‘turquoise’ ‘turquoise1’ [637] ‘turquoise2’ ‘turquoise3’ ‘turquoise4’ [640] ‘violet’ ‘violetred’ ‘violetred1’ [643] ‘violetred2’ ‘violetred3’ ‘violetred4’ [646] ‘wheat’ ‘wheat1’ ‘wheat2’ [649] ‘wheat3’ ‘wheat4’ ‘whitesmoke’ [652] ‘yellow’ ‘yellow1’ ‘yellow2’ [655] ‘yellow3’ ‘yellow4’ ‘yellowgreen’ [1] ‘white’ ‘aliceblue’ ‘antiquewhite’ ‘antiquewhite1’ ‘antiquewhite2’ [1] ‘yellow1’ ‘yellow2’ ‘yellow3’ ‘yellow4’ ‘yellowgreen’
(2)颜色集合
(3) 调色板
三、页面布局与图形组合 1、用par函数布局页面
2、用layout函数布局页面
注:矩阵中非0数字代表绘制图形的顺序,相同数字代表占位符; ”0”代表空缺,不绘制图形; widths=c(2,1)设置列的宽度比例为2和1;heights=c(1,2)设置行的高度比例为1和2; nrow和ncol是声明行和列各有多少图层
3、同时打开多个绘图窗口
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